Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOrt 2009 greater employment and skills development, and increased public revenue. In the early stage of development the private sector is not likely to perform according to expectations. Here, the best course of action is to proactively support rather than to substitute it with the institutions of the state. Most importantly, strong political leadership and a highly skilled bureaucracy backed by effective systems will be required to provide steady direction towards realising Vision 2025. Without these, any government may become an impediment to socio-economic transformation. Investment in higher education and an effective incentive system will, therefore, be vital for building a competent and committed bureaucracy. In addition, clear, focused communication and signals for all citizens and development actors will be required in implementation of the medium-term development strategy. Adjustments may be needed to the strategic path due to economic and political constraints. But an uninterrupted view should be maintained of Tanzania’s long-term horizon as a vibrant, developed market economy capable of sustained growth and shared benefits. 182
ConCluSIon to PHDR 2009 CONCLUSION PHDR 2009 has been written during a time of global economic turbulence, which has reinvigorated international dialogue on the appropriate role of the State in maintaining the stability and growth of market economies. At the same time, the world is hotly debating mechanisms to stem environmental impact associated with climate change. For developing economies such as Tanzania, these twin crises have introduced new challenges and opportunities, and strong leadership will be required to direct the country on its path of strategic development towards Vision 2025. Recent experience from emerging economies in Asia also shows that socio-economic transformation takes time – a period of at least thirty years is required. Therefore, long-term development strategies must be sustained beyond a single phase of government and implementation must transcend political boundaries. Adjustments will be needed to the strategic path due to constraints and trade-offs will have to be made, but they should not deviate from the long-term horizon. In this way, too, incremental and sustainable progress can be achieved that links generations in common actions for collective benefits, and underpins national peace and unity. The significant progress in economic and human development in Tanzania achieved by MKUKUTA, the first phase of the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty, provides a solid foundation for the next phase of the country’s development. While recent growth has not translated into immediate reductions in poverty, the increased capital investments and the expansion in public spending, in areas such as roads, education and healthcare may underpin longer-term benefits for households and provide the basis for future reductions in poverty. In hindsight, given the present context of national development in Tanzania, population growth, and the extremely low levels of consumption prevailing in the vast majority of households, MKUKUTA’s poverty reduction targets may have been overly ambitious. The challenge, therefore, remains to link poor households, particularly smallholder farming households, to the national growth process. To make strong inroads into poverty rates, a focused approach to sustain and accelerate economic growth will be required that fully exploits Tanzania’s comparative advantages, enhances human capabilities and propels domestic employment and productivity. Given tight constraints, it will be imperative to allocate resources and improve performance in areas identified as the drivers of growth, and protect key investments from poor governance. Most importantly, the strengths of all development actors working together towards the common vision – government, development partners, civil society, the private sector and communities – will be essential to achieve a competitive, innovative and dynamic market economy with a good quality of life for all of its citizens. 183
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
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Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
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Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Sources: a = various sources as ind
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Page 162 and 163: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Page 173 and 174: Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
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Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
Page 191 and 192: Additional data from the tanzania h
Page 193 and 194: Table 41: Percent of All Households
Page 195 and 196: Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
Page 197 and 198: Table 46: Distribution of Household
Page 199: Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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Page 220: Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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