Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Table 31: Citizens’ Experience of Theft From Their Homes (% of respondents) Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family had something stolen from your home? 130 2003 2005 2008 Never 66 79 74 Just once or twice 23 13 19 Several times/many times/always 11 8 7 Source: Afrobarometer 2003, 2005 and 2008 Experience of theft was at its lowest in 2005. In that year, 79% of respondents reported that they had not experienced any theft in the previous year. In 2008, this percentage had fallen to 74%. In addition, over two-thirds of respondents in the 2005 and 2008 surveys reported that they thought the current Government was doing well in its efforts to reduce crime. Public trust in the in two key institutions of law and order, the police and courts, is also fairly high (Table 32). Table 32: Citizens’ Level of Trust in the Police and Courts of Law (% of respondents) How much do you trust the police/courts of law, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say? Police Courts of Law 2003 2005 2008 2003 2005 2008 Not at all 13 6 14 10 3 6 A little 35 8 25 33 7 19 Somewhat 39 23 34 41 28 40 A lot 11 62 26 12 57 33 Don’t know 2 2 1 4 4 1 Source: Afrobarometer 2003, 2005 and 2008 Significant increases were recorded in the percentages of respondents who reported trust in the police and courts of law between 2003 and 2005, but levels of trust declined in 2008. The proportion of respondents who trusted the police ‘somewhat’ or ‘a lot’ fell from 85% in 2005 to 60% in 2008. Similarly, citizens’ level of trust in the courts of law (‘somewhat’ or ‘a lot’) diminished from 85% in 2005 to 73% in 2008. The media has also reported incidences of people taking justice into their own hands, including personally attacking people suspected of theft, which indicate that the public lacks confidence in the police and the legal system. Community militia groups – Mgambo and Sungusungu – are also common, with concern at the level of violence with which they deal with alleged wrong-doers.
CHAPTER 1 - CLUSTER III -CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Goal 7 National Cultural Identities Enhanced and Promoted Indicators for this goal are yet to be defined and there are no data this year. Cluster III Conclusions and Policy Implications Monitoring progress towards MKUKUTA’s seven goals of good governance and increased accountability remains challenging, with ongoing data limitations for several indicators. Public opinion surveys to measure citizens’ perceptions of government performance are increasingly important, but may not reliably capture general changes in public confidence or pessimism over time, as specific, high profile issues occurring at or around the time of data collection may significantly impact people’s perceptions. Critically, systems of governance in Tanzania are still hindered by lack of accessible, legally recognised vital registrations (births and deaths) and certificates of ownership and rights to use of land. In addition, as noted in Cluster I, the lack of information on borrowers which is readily obtainable by financial institutions is a significant barrier to individuals and SMEs seeking to access credit for investment and, in turn, acts as a curb on economic opportunities and growth. Democratic governance relies on broad-based citizen participation in public affairs. In Parliament, representation by women has met the MKUKUTA target, but this is largely due to the allocation of special seats but, at the local level, only 5% of district councillors elected in 2005 were women. Since the introduction of local government reforms, participation in local government meetings and committees has increased, particularly among women and youth. More local government authorities are posting public notices of their budgets, though in formats that many citizens still find hard to understand. The management of public finances, as reflected in audits of central government institutions and local government authorities, shows improvement over time. Nonetheless, the media has reported a number of high profile corruption cases which have been brought to court in the past year. Other indicators of Tanzania’s efforts to address corruption from Transparency International and the World Bank, which are used by international organisations, have shown progress since the late 1990s and early 2000s, but indicate slight slippage recently. Formula-based allocations to local government authorities – which were designed to ensure equitable, needs-based resource allocation as well as greater capacity and autonomy in planning, budgeting and service delivery at the local level – are not yet fully implemented. The central government still controls the recruitment and allocation of staff. As a result, rural and remote areas of the country still face severe shortages of skilled staff – including teachers, health workers and agricultural extension staff – to deliver essential services and improve the educational and health outcomes that underpin and facilitate economic growth. Encouragingly, a majority of respondents in the latest round of the Afrobarometer survey in Tanzania reported satisfaction with government efforts in providing education and health 131
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
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Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
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Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 128 and 129: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Page 164 and 165: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
Page 175 and 176: Composition of Consumption Consumpt
Page 177 and 178: the poverty line basket was valued
Page 179 and 180: Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
Page 181 and 182: Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
Page 183 and 184: Food share typically, a drop in the
Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
Page 187 and 188: Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
Page 191 and 192: Additional data from the tanzania h
Page 193 and 194: Table 41: Percent of All Households
Page 195 and 196: Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
Page 197 and 198: Table 46: Distribution of Household
Page 199: Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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