Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009
HIV/AIDS
HIV Prevalence
New data about HIV prevalence from THMIS 2007/08 provide grounds for cautious optimism.
Over the period since 2003/04, HIV prevalence in adults (15-49 years) has declined in both males
and females, and across most age groups (Figure 25).
Figure 25: HIV Prevalence in Adults 15-49 Years, 2003/04 and 2007/08
64
% of adults aged 15-49 years
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Source: THMIS 2007/08
7.7%
6.8%
6.3%
Women Men
Gender
4.7%
2003/04
2007/08
Youth HIV prevalence (15-24 years) declined largely because of a significant fall in prevalence
among young men from 3.0% to 1.1%; the decline in prevalence among young women was
small from 4.0% to 3.6% and not statistically significant. Data by age group and gender also
reveal that prevalence among young women increases sharply after 15-19 years, which highlights
the crucial importance of early prevention interventions (Figure 26). Of note, prevalence among
15-24 year-old females is below the MKUKUTA target of 5%. However, this target was set relative
to a baseline estimate of prevalence derived from antenatal clinics where HIV rates are typically
higher due to selection bias. 39 Now that population-based data series is available, the target for
young women needs to be revised.
39 In 2005/6, HIV prevalence among 15-24 year-old ANC attendees was 6.8% (National AIDS Control Programme
(NACP), 2007).