Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOrt 2009 Exports there has been an increase in exports as a percentage of gdP since 2000/01, from 14.6% to 22% in 2007/08. the increase in goods exported has been largely due to increased exploitation of natural resources, especially minerals. More recently, exports of manufactured goods and agricultural products have also increased. in the past three years, agricultural exports have accounted for about 15% of the value of total exports. imports have also continued to increase, and at a faster rate than exports, resulting in high trade deficits. however, a higher level of imports for investment is essential to support higher rates of growth. Goal 2 Promoting Sustainable and Broad-based Growth the following indicators are analysed to assess progress towards the goal of sustainable and broad-based growth: 16 • • • • • • domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of gdP Percentage increase in foreign direct investment interest rate spread on lending and deposits Unemployment rate Percentage of trunk and regional roads in good and fair condition Proportion of enterprises undertaking environmental impact assessments complying with regulations Domestic Credit to the Private Sector faster economic growth will not be possible without a deepening of the financial system. banks are still not providing sufficient support to domestic initiatives, especially small- and medium-scale enterprises (sMes) and the agricultural sector. while credit to the private sector has maintained an upward trend from 4.6% of gdP in 2001 to 13.8% in 2007, it remains low compared to other developing countries. banks remain highly liquid and reluctant to expand credit except to the most creditworthy borrowers. structural weaknesses in the financial system also persist. Under-developed and inefficient legal and regulatory systems and information frameworks, particularly with respect to property rights, result in weak collateralisation of claims and inadequate contract enforcement mechanisms. Foreign Direct Investment foreign direct investment (fdi) can spur growth by facilitating technology transfer, expanding market access and competition, financing physical capital formation, and developing human capabilities. for the period 2000 to 2008, fdi in tanzania has averaged Usd 485.6 million annually, and has increased every year since 2003 (figure 6). however, inflows have been concentrated largely in mining and tourism, and growth in the mining sector has yet to incorporate domestic processing and service systems in its value chains.
Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (USD millions) Years 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 463.4 467.2 387.6 308.2 330.6 447.6 616.6 653.4 695.5 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 note: figure for 2008 is the budget estimate source: economic survey 2008 FDI Inflows (US$ Million) tanzania has great potential to attract increased fdi in coming years, though investments will likely be attracted to the sector where tanzania’s comparative advantage is clear: natural resources. at the same time, the ease of doing business is an important factor. fdi inflows, while growing steadily, fell significantly short of the overall level of interest registered by potential investors, reflecting in part continued difficulties of doing business locally. tanzania compares poorly to other countries, including neighbouring Kenya and Uganda, in terms of doing business. it is ranked 127 out of 181 economies covered by the world bank’s Doing Business 2009 Report (table 5). factors that continue to undermine foreign investment include control and ownership rights of production resources (especially land), non-tariff barriers such as customs and administrative procedures, regulations and licenses. the lack of physical infrastructure is an ongoing constraint which will take time to address. Table 5: Ease of Doing Business in Selected Sub-Saharan African Economies (Rank) 2009 Mauritius South Africa Botswana Kenya Ghana Zambia Uganda Tanzania SSA mean SSA median 24 32 38 82 87 100 111 127 136.7 148.5 source: world bank, 2009a Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 2 17
Page 1 and 2: UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
Page 3 and 4: COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
Page 5 and 6: MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
Page 7 and 8: CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
Page 9 and 10: CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
Page 11 and 12: Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
Page 13 and 14: Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
Page 15 and 16: LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
Page 17: PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
Page 21 and 22: ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
Page 23 and 24: in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
Page 25 and 26: evise allocations based on identifi
Page 27 and 28: Monitoring Implications A comprehen
Page 29: eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
Page 33 and 34: Chapter Progress towards the goals
Page 35 and 36: GDP Growth by Sector the principal
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
Page 39 and 40: Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
Page 41 and 42: Household Income (Consumption) Pove
Page 43 and 44: Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
Page 45: although global oil and food prices
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Page 51 and 52: Infrastructure Roads the condition
Page 53 and 54: quantity but also in quality. for i
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Page 57 and 58: Customers Connected to Sources of E
Page 59 and 60: Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
Page 61 and 62: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 63 and 64: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 69 and 70: MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
Page 71 and 72: Regional variations in enrolment ha
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Page 79 and 80: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
Page 81 and 82: Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
Page 83 and 84: Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
Page 85 and 86: Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
Page 87 and 88: Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92: CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Sources: a = various sources as ind
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
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Composition of Consumption Consumpt
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the poverty line basket was valued
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Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
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Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Food share typically, a drop in the
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Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
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Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Additional data from the tanzania h
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Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
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Table 46: Distribution of Household
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Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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