Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Examination of age-disaggregated data on child mortality (Figure 4) reveals that the greatest change has occurred in post-neonatal and infant mortality. Neonatal mortality has improved to a much smaller extent, and now accounts for a growing share of under-five deaths. Neonatal deaths are inextricably linked to maternal healthcare, where little progress has been made in recent years. The THMIS 2007/08 found surprisingly little disparity in under-five mortality rates 34 between urban (110) and rural (112) areas. However, significant differences persist in mortality risk across wealth quintiles; the mortality rate for children in the least poor 20% of households (101) is 22% lower than the poorest (129). A more pronounced gap is observed between mortality rates for children of mothers with secondary education or higher (78) and children whose mothers have no formal education (129). Nonetheless, the latest data suggest that socio-economic inequalities in underfive mortality have narrowed. These improvements are less likely to be due to increases in health service provision or access, which have not changed much over the past five years, but may be linked to reduction in malaria burden. Gains in malaria control over this period have provided relatively greater benefit in rural areas where prevalence was higher, as was child mortality (Smithson, 2009). Malaria Control THMIS 2007/08 was the first nationally representative household survey to investigate the prevalence of malaria, and so provides valuable information to assess the impact of control measures in tackling the disease. Malaria has accounted for the largest burden of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania, especially among young children. The burden of malaria is highly unevenly distributed across the country. In 2007/8, malaria prevalence in children 6-59 months of age was less than 5% in five Mainland regions, while prevalence in five other regions was 30% or more. The regions most affected are Kagera, Mara and Mwanza, which border Lake Victoria, and Lindi and Mtwara on the south-eastern coastline (Figure 17). 34 Child mortality rates are expressed as under-five or infant deaths per 1,000 live births. 54
Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in Children 6-59 Months of Age, by Region, 2007/08 Source: THMIS 2007/08 CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 THMIS data show improvements in the coverage of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), with proportionately greater increases among rural children, even though coverage in rural areas continues to lag behind urban areas (Figure 18). ITN coverage can be expected to expand further over the next three years – in part due to the switch to permanently-treated nets, and due to the scaling-up of ITN distribution to all households. 35 The distribution of free long-lasting nets started in regions with the highest prevalence of malaria. 35 In 2008/9 Tanzania commenced distribution of free, permanently-treated ITNs to all under-fives in the country. In 2010, this initiative is expected to be scaled up further (with support from Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria) to provide ITNs to all households in the country, including those without children under the age of five. 55
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
Page 33 and 34: Chapter Progress towards the goals
Page 35 and 36: GDP Growth by Sector the principal
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
Page 39 and 40: Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
Page 41 and 42: Household Income (Consumption) Pove
Page 43 and 44: Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
Page 45 and 46: although global oil and food prices
Page 47 and 48: Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
Page 49 and 50: orrow from outside tanzania, where
Page 51 and 52: Infrastructure Roads the condition
Page 53 and 54: quantity but also in quality. for i
Page 55 and 56: Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
Page 57 and 58: Customers Connected to Sources of E
Page 59 and 60: Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
Page 61 and 62: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 63 and 64: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 69 and 70: MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
Page 71 and 72: Regional variations in enrolment ha
Page 73 and 74: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
Page 75 and 76: Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
Page 77 and 78: provision of housing, funding for w
Page 79 and 80: CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
Page 81 and 82: Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
Page 83: Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
Page 87 and 88: Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92: CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
Page 95 and 96: Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
Page 97 and 98: Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
Page 99 and 100: Projections based on the model indi
Page 101 and 102: Access to Healthcare Services On th
Page 103 and 104: Health Services Development Strateg
Page 105 and 106: Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 128 and 129: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Sources: a = various sources as ind
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
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Composition of Consumption Consumpt
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the poverty line basket was valued
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Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
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Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Food share typically, a drop in the
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Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
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Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Additional data from the tanzania h
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Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
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Table 46: Distribution of Household
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Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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