Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania
Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania
Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT <strong>2009</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>cludes a small number of <strong>in</strong>dicators to assess progress <strong>in</strong> local government reform. Therefore,<br />
to supplement analysis of the specific <strong>in</strong>dicators, this PHDR <strong>in</strong>cludes analysis of recent survey<br />
evidence of citizens’ participation <strong>in</strong> local governance <strong>and</strong> their access to local government<br />
<strong>in</strong>formation, as well as an exam<strong>in</strong>ation of progress <strong>in</strong> local government fiscal reforms. <strong>Tanzania</strong>’s<br />
policy of decentralisation by devolution is <strong>in</strong>tended to encourage citizens’ active participation<br />
<strong>in</strong> democratic processes <strong>and</strong> to strengthen the responsiveness, capacity, transparency <strong>and</strong><br />
accountability of local government authorities (LGAs).<br />
Goal 1<br />
Structures <strong>and</strong> Systems of Governance as well<br />
as the Rule of Law Are Democratic, Participatory,<br />
Representative, Accountable <strong>and</strong> Inclusive<br />
The <strong>in</strong>dicators for this goal are:<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
Percentage of population with birth certificates (urban, rural, Dar es Salaam)<br />
Percentage of women among senior civil servants<br />
Percentage of women representatives elected to district council<br />
Proportion of women among Members of Parliament<br />
Percentage of females from smallholder households with l<strong>and</strong> ownership or customary<br />
l<strong>and</strong> rights<br />
Proportion of villages assemblies hold<strong>in</strong>g quarterly meet<strong>in</strong>g with public m<strong>in</strong>utes<br />
Proportion of LGAs post<strong>in</strong>g public budgets, revenue <strong>and</strong> actual expenditures on easily<br />
accessible public notice boards<br />
Birth Registration<br />
Birth registration is a fundamental right of citizenship, <strong>and</strong> birth certificates are <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly<br />
required for national identification <strong>and</strong> for registration of children <strong>in</strong> school. The THMIS 2007/08<br />
estimated that only one-fifth of births (20.1%) <strong>in</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> are registered, a marg<strong>in</strong>al<br />
<strong>in</strong>crease from 17.6% <strong>in</strong> 2004/05. Marked disparities <strong>in</strong> birth registration rates were recorded by<br />
residence (urban areas 46%, rural areas 15%); by region (from under 5% <strong>in</strong> Tabora <strong>and</strong> Manyara<br />
to 75% <strong>in</strong> Dar es Salaam; <strong>and</strong> by household wealth status (60% for children <strong>in</strong> the highest wealth<br />
qu<strong>in</strong>tile compared with 10% <strong>in</strong> the lowest qu<strong>in</strong>tile). The significant variations <strong>in</strong> birth registrations<br />
reflect <strong>in</strong> part the disparities <strong>in</strong> facility-based deliveries.<br />
The MKUKUTA <strong>in</strong>dicator specifically monitors the percentage of children under-five years with<br />
birth certificates. The THMIS 2007/08 reports that only 6.3% of children under five years of age<br />
<strong>in</strong> Ma<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> had a birth certificate (rural 3.3%; urban 20.9 %), marg<strong>in</strong>ally higher than<br />
rates recorded <strong>in</strong> the TDHS 2004/05 (Ma<strong>in</strong>l<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> 5.7%, rural 2.7%, urban 17.8%).<br />
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