Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 services. However, people’s satisfaction with water services is low, and this has not changed over the past five years. An effective public service framework – with a highly skilled staff at both local and national levels – is a necessary foundation for service delivery improvements and poverty reduction. In turn, this will depend on consistent and coherent policy and action across all institutions of government, particularly PO-PSM, MoFEA and PMO-RALG, in the implementation of local government reforms. Within the justice system, progress has been made in reducing the percentage of prisoners in remand for more than two years from 15.7% in 2005 to 5.4% in 2008. However, the percentage of court cases pending for two or more years has remained around 25% for the past few years. The Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance (CHRGG) has also highlighted that the detention of juveniles in adult prison facilities continues to be a serious problem, but hard data on the number of juveniles being detained is not yet available from the Ministry of Home Affairs. Overall, the number of cases filed for infringement of human rights has declined since 2006/07, but this may reflect less active outreach work by CHRGG after 2006 rather than a decrease in human rights violations. The Afrobarometer 2008 revealed mixed perceptions on public safety. Positively, a majority of respondents did not fear crime in their homes, had not experienced theft from their home over the past year, and expressed trust in the police and courts of law. However, trust in the police and courts had declined since 2005. At the same time, media reports of incidences of mob justice and the existence of community militias – Mgambo and Sungusungu – is a worrying indicator of a lack of confidence in the police and courts to maintain and enforce public order. Cluster III Implications for Monitoring The indicator framework for Cluster III needs further strengthening. For the next phase of MKUKUTA, a review of the current indicator set is recommended to ensure that all indicators are more strongly defined and backed by monitoring systems in government institutions. One critical aspect of democratic and accountable governance relates to local government. However, the current MKUKUTA Monitoring Master Plan includes only a small number of indicators to assess progress in local government reform. A more comprehensive set of indicators is needed related to all pillars of local governance and accountability – legal, human resources and financial – based upon agreed indicators as included in the Local Government Reform Programme. This will allow a more rigorous assessment of challenges and opportunities towards achieving truly democratic, participatory, representative, accountable and inclusive systems of governance. In addition, a programme of systematic, regular, nationally representative perception surveys would also provide valuable information on government performance. The data collected in the Afrobarometer surveys used for this report are limited due to the need for internationally comparable data in that survey. The implementation of broad-based national perception surveys would facilitate expanded data collection – for example, of local business perceptions and constraints – to better inform strategies to boost domestic investment and growth opportunities. 132
MKUKUTA INDICATORS – SUMMARY OF DATA AND TARGETS MKUKUTA Cluster III: Governance and Accountability Notes to readers: • Meta-data on each indicators (including definitions, sources and frequency) are available in the MKUKUTA Monitoring Master Plan available at www.povertymonitoring.go.tz • The symbol X indicates no data for that year (in most cases because data is dependent on a particular type of survey) • Blanks indicate data not yet forthcoming from MDA or LGA Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKUKUTA 2010 Next data Estimate Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 point Goal 1: Structures and systems of governance as well as the rule of law are democratic, participatory, representative, accountable and inclusive Not yet determined TDHS 2009/10 % of population (children under five years) with birth certificates a - Total Mainland 6.4 1999 X X X 5.7 X X X 6.3 - Urban X X X 17.8 X X X 20.9 - Rural X X X 2.7 X X X 3.3 - Dar es Salaam City X X X 24.8 X X X 31.1 30% End FY 2009/10 2008/9 22 X X X 2004/5 20 X X X X Proportion of women among senior civil 84 c servants (%) 84 For the purposes of this indicator, leadership positions include Permanent Secretaries, Deputy Permanent Secretaries, Assistant Directors, Ambassadors, District Commissioners, Regional Administrative Secretaries, District Administrative Secretaries, District/Municipal Executive Directors and Judges in the Court of Appeal and the High Court. 133
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
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Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
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Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
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Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
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Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
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Projections based on the model indi
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Access to Healthcare Services On th
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Health Services Development Strateg
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Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
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Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
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Page 164 and 165: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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Page 177 and 178: the poverty line basket was valued
Page 179 and 180: Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
Page 181 and 182: Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
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Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
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Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Page 199: Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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