Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009 Two citizen surveys conducted in six local government authorities in 2003 and 2006 indicate increased citizen participation in local government institutions as well as other community groups (Table 21). Citizens’ involvement particularly increased in various sector-specific local committees, such as school committees, water committees, public works committees and farmers’ groups. Table 21: Indicators of Community Participation, 2003 and 2006 Respondents who report that they are or a household member is involved in… 2003 (% of respondents) 2006 (% of respondents) Change between the two surveys Member of village/ward leadership 17.3 22.9 32% Participation in full council meetings 24.2 28.1 16% School committee member 28.2 35.8 27% Water management committee 13.3 23.2 74% Preparation of village/ward plans 19.7 35.0 78% Tanzania Social Action Fund (TASAF) project committee 1.9 13.7 621% Public works committee 8.8 19.1 117% Primary cooperatives/society/farmers association 8.7 12.1 39% Agricultural/livestock extension contact group 2.9 6.4 121% Source: Formative Process Research Programme on local government reform, 2003 and 2006 (See Tidemand and Msami, forthcoming). The surveys also indicate higher levels of community participation in rural compared to urban areas, which was also documented in the Views of the People (VOP) survey in 2007. 68 Another important indicator of greater participation in local government affairs is the increase in the percentage of respondents who reported involvement in ‘preparation of village/ward plans’ from 19.7% of respondents in 2003 to 35% in 2006, representing a 78% increase in overall participation between the two surveys. This likely reflects Government efforts to enhance community participation in development planning and budgeting through the Opportunities and Obstacles for Development [O & OD] planning process facilitated by the Prime Minister’s Office – Regional Administration and Local Government (PMO-RALG) as well as externally-supported sector initiatives and TASAF projects. The relative high level of citizen participation in ‘planning’ was also confirmed by Views of the People 2007. 69 68 RAWG, 2008, Chapter 13. 69 Note that participants in the VOP survey were asked about their individual behaviour whereas the local government surveys asked about “whether you or household member participated in…” 110
Data also show a significant increase in the percentage of women and youth in local leadership positions (Table 22). Overall citizen involvement in local leadership rose from 17.3% in 2003 to 22.9% in 2006, mainly due to expanded participation by women and youth. Female participation increased almost two-fold (94%) over this period, compared with a 10% increase in male participation. Participation by young people in leadership rose almost seven-fold, albeit from a very low base. Table 22: Participation in Local Government Leadership, by Gender and Youth/Elders, 2003 and 2006 Respondents who reported that he/she or another household member is involved in village/ward/council leadership 2003 (% of respondents) CHAPTER 1 - CLUSTER III - GOAL 1 2006 (% of respondents) Change between the two surveys Male 24.2 26.6 10% Female 9.6 18.6 94% Youth 1.2 9.1 658% Elders 32.9 32.6 -1% Total 17.3 22.9 32% Source: Formative Process Research Programme on local government reform, 2003 and 2006 (See Tidemand et al., forthcoming). In the 2006 survey, data were also collected on citizens’ participation in village/mtaa assemblies. Just over half of respondents (53%) reported that their village/mtaa assembly had met within the last three months (Table 23). This is low since local assemblies are required to meet at least once every quarter. Under half (44%) of respondents reported participating in an assembly meeting within the last quarter. Women (42%) were slightly under-represented in meetings. One-third of youth respondents reported attending. Among respondents who reported attending the last meeting, only 20% were able to indicate what topics were discussed at the meeting. The most common topics discussed were financial issues, followed by village/mtaa plans, such as O & OD. 111
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA POVERTY
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COnTEnTS List of Tables ...........
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: CONteNts Improv
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CONteNts Data.for.Monitoring.......
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CONteNts HOUSEHOLD OCCUPATION AND P
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Table 25: Table 26: Percent of Adul
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Figure 21: Figure 22: Percentage of
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LisT Of AbbREViATiONs AIDS Acquired
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Pap
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ExECUTIvE SUMMARy The Poverty and H
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in poverty. Nonetheless, the challe
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evise allocations based on identifi
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Monitoring Implications A comprehen
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eXeCUtiVe sUMMarY Good governance a
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Chapter Progress towards the goals
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GDP Growth by Sector the principal
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Figure 2: Sectoral Contribution to
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 Box 2: The Impa
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Household Income (Consumption) Pove
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Income Poverty and GDP Growth the 2
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although global oil and food prices
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Figure 6: FDI Inflows 2000-2008 (US
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orrow from outside tanzania, where
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Infrastructure Roads the condition
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quantity but also in quality. for i
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Chapter I CLUSter 1 GOaL 4 & 5 prop
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Customers Connected to Sources of E
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Cluster I Conclusions and Policy Im
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MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
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Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
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MKUKUTA Cluster II: Improvement of
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Regional variations in enrolment ha
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 and/or not compl
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Pupil/Teacher Ratio Overall, the pu
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provision of housing, funding for w
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CLUSTER II- GOAL 1 Table 11: Primar
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Table 12: Benefit Incidence Analysi
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Figure 15: Infant and Under-Five Mo
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Figure 17: Prevalence of Malaria in
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Figure 19: Percentage of Children U
Page 89 and 90: Table 13: Indicators of Malnutritio
Page 91 and 92: CLUSTER II- GOAL 2 Ghana (Edmond et
Page 93 and 94: Figure 24: Percentage of Births Tak
Page 95 and 96: Figure 26: HIV Prevalence by Age Gr
Page 97 and 98: Figure 28: Projected Number of Adul
Page 99 and 100: Projections based on the model indi
Page 101 and 102: Access to Healthcare Services On th
Page 103 and 104: Health Services Development Strateg
Page 105 and 106: Figure 34: Access to Clean and Safe
Page 110 and 111: POVERTY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPOR
Page 128 and 129: MKUKUTA INDICATORS - SUMMARY OF DAT
Page 130 and 131: Target Indicator Baseline Trend MKU
Page 136 and 137: Sources: a = various sources as ind
Page 164 and 165: Indicator Baseline Trend Target MKU
Page 173 and 174: Chapter 2 An AnAlysis of household
Page 175 and 176: Composition of Consumption Consumpt
Page 177 and 178: the poverty line basket was valued
Page 179 and 180: Figure 50: Daily Caloric Intake per
Page 181 and 182: Figure 52: Poverty Incidence Curves
Page 183 and 184: Food share typically, a drop in the
Page 185 and 186: Liters per Adult Equivalent Kilogra
Page 187 and 188: Kilograms per Adult Equivalent 6 5
Page 189 and 190: Consumer Durables data from the hBs
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Additional data from the tanzania h
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Table 41: Percent of All Households
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Table 44: Percent of Males and Fema
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Table 46: Distribution of Household
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Conclusion Chapter 2 income poverty
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pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOr
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Chapter 2 Hoogeveen, J. & Ruhinduka
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Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

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