Poverty and Human Development Report 2009 - UNDP in Tanzania

pOVertY aND hUMaN DeVeLOpMeNt repOrt 2009
to technical and management know-how, capital and financing, and connections to local and
international markets. integrated producer schemes and farmer cooperatives are two such
institutional arrangements that have been tried, with varying levels of success to date.
on the marketing side, current constraints have resulted in a lack of market integration, price
volatility, and limited investment and production. business licensing, registration and import/
export procedures need to be simplified, and processes for commercial dispute resolution
improved. enforcement of local taxes has also been inconsistent, thus creating unfair competition.
the role of marketing institutions (broadly defined to include institutions and their regulatory and
legal framework) in supporting commodity exchange requires examination to ensure that these
institutions can effectively reduce transaction costs.
Kilimo Kwanza (agriculture first) is a “new” push in the agricultural sector initiated by the private
sector. this initiative seeks commitment from the government and agricultural stakeholders
to pursue action geared towards agricultural transformation. it outlines necessary policies
and strategies that tanzania must now pursue to achieve a green revolution in agriculture. it
encompasses a range of proposals for government consideration on issues, such as appropriate
institutional arrangements to effectively govern the agricultural sector, strategic uses of land to
meet the requirements of modern agriculture as well as the needs of both small- and large-scale
farmers, financing agriculture, and the necessity of an industrialisation strategy geared to the
transformation of agriculture.
Goal 6 Provision of Reliable and Affordable Energy
a reliable and affordable power supply for producers and consumers underpins economic
growth, facilitates productive employment and contributes to quality of life. electrification,
however, is still low and unreliable in tanzania. the national grid is the mainstay of power
transmission in the country but it still has limited coverage.
three indicators are used to assess progress in this area:
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Percentage increase in the number of customers connected to the national grid and
off-grid sources of electricity
Percentage of households in rural and urban areas using alternative sources of energy to
wood fuel (including charcoal) as their main source of energy for cooking
total electricity generating capacity and utilisation
these indicators primarily reflect changes in household energy use. the following section
describes trends in energy use, but also includes a brief analysis of the sector’s progress and
potential as a growth facilitator.