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feed-in premium which varies every hour and is equal tothe difference between adetermined
tariff and the wholesale market price. Hence, the new renewable energy law
will guarantee continued support for wind energy. However, the above mentioned grid
restrictions and the fact that obtaining the necessary environmental impact assessment
approval for the construction ofawind farm can take considerable time (usually two to
three years) are negativelyaffecting the Czech wind market environment. (EWEA2013:
75-80)
Turkey
The Turkish power market isalso dominated by conventional thermal sources which
accounted for 74.8% of total power production in2011. Hydro power was second with
22.8%. Generation from other renewable sources increased to 2.4% in 2011 and is
expected to increase further in the light of the country’s substantial geothermal and
wind potential. Recent legislative changes in favor of renewable energy sources were
also aimed atcoping with the fast growing electricity demand in Turkey. At the end of
2011, installed wind energy capacity was just 1.8 GW and was expected to reach 2GW
by the end of 2012 (3.6% oftotal installed capacity ofall technologies). However, Turkeyhas
oneofthe largest wind energypipelines in Europe with projects adding up to 11
GW. The country’s objective istoreach 20 GW of installed wind capacity by2023.
Turkey’s wind potential ofaround 48 GW is even bigger. The highest wind speeds in
Turkey are along the Aegean, Marmara, and the eastern Mediterranean shore. Hence,
the vast majority ofwind farms are located inthese regions. In addition tothe strong
wind potential, Turkey, in comparison to EU Member States, also has less burdensome
environmental regulations. The attractive investment conditions in Turkey donot just
allow wind energy operators to sell their output through the feed-in tariff system, but
operators can choose the type of market they want to trade onevery year. Additionally,
several other investment incentives (e.g. priority access tothe grid or authorizations and
rights to use state owned land) have been in place topromote wind energy development
in Turkey. Critical aspects ofthe Turkish wind energy market are the bureaucracy and
the complicated administrative procedures as well as the grid capacity. (The transmission
system operator has, however, announced investment in the coming years) (EWEA
2013: 68-73)