Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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134 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Since Tamarixia leucaenae attacks both Heteropsylla cubana and H. spinulosa, it would be valuble to know whether Tamarixia radiata will also attack Heteropsylla spinulosa. This is the psyllid that has been successfully introduced to Papua New Guinea, Australia and some oceanic Pacific countries for the biological control of creeping, sensitive plant, Mimosa invisa. If it does attack H. spinulosa, there would clearly be a conflict of interest between biological control of D. citri and of M. invisa, were Heteropsylla spinulosa to be considered for the latter. However, at least some species of Tamarixia are satisfactorily host restricted and it is quite possible that T. radiata is one of them.
4.8 Dysdercus cingulatus India Myanmar + 20° Laos + 0° 20° China + Thailand + Cambodia P Vietnam ++ P + Brunei Malaysia + Singapore ++ Indonesia Taiwan ++ Philippines Australia Papua New Guinea P 135 Dysdercus cingulatus is native to the Southeast Asian region. No parasitoids of the cotton stainer are known and surprisingly few predators are reported. No effective parasitoids of the many Dysdercus species that occur in other parts of the world are known. On present knowledge, therefore, the prospects for classical biological control of this bug would appear to be very remote. 20° 0° 20°
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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Page 88 and 89: Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Page 94 and 95: Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
Page 96 and 97: Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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Page 116 and 117: Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
Page 120 and 121: Table 4.7.3 (contÕd) Natural enemi
Page 122 and 123: Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
Page 124 and 125: Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
Page 139 and 140: 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
Page 141 and 142: Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
Page 143 and 144: Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
Page 145 and 146: Table 4.9.1 (contÕd) Natural enemi
Page 147 and 148: Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
Page 149 and 150: Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
Page 151 and 152: 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
Page 153 and 154: TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
Page 155 and 156: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
Page 157 and 158: Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
Page 159 and 160: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
Page 161 and 162: Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
Page 163 and 164: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
Page 165 and 166: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
Page 167 and 168: Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Page 171 and 172: Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
Page 173 and 174: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
Page 175 and 176: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
Page 177 and 178: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
Page 179 and 180: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
Page 181: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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186 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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Table 4.12.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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Table 4.13.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Table 4.13.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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