Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 383 Elliott, N.C., French, B.W., Burd, J.D., Kindler, S.D. and Reed, D.K. 1994. Parasitism, adult emergence, sex ratio and size of Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera) on several aphid species. Great Lakes Entomologist 27: 137Ð142. Elsey, K.D. and Rabb, R.L. 1970a. Biology of Voria ruralis (Diptera: Tachinidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63: 216Ð222. Elsey, K.D. and Rabb, R.L. 1970b. Analysis of seasonal mortality of the cabbage looper in North Carolina. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 63: 1597Ð1604. Encarnacion, D.T. 1970. Biology of the cotton stainer, Dysdercus cingulatus. Fabricius (Pyrrhocoridae, Hemiptera). Philippine Entomologist 1: 341Ð349. Ershova, N.I. and Orlinskii, A.D. 1982. A predator of the vine mealybug. (in Russian). Zashchita Rastenii 1982(9): 41. Esguerra, N.M., William, W.S. and Smith, J.R. 1993. Control of the green stinkbug, Nezara viridula in the Federated States of Micronesia. Micronesica, Supplement 4: 65Ð67. Esquivel, L. 1950. Primer suplemento a la lista de Himenopteros parasitos y predatores de los insectos de la Republica Argentina. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 14: 270Ð296 (from Hokkanen 1986). Essien, R.A. and Odebiyi, A. 1991. Biology of Anomis (= Cosmophila) flava (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Nigeria. Journal of African Zoology 105: 17Ð25. Essig, E.O. 1931. A history of entomology. 1029 pp. Macmillan Co., New York. Etienne, J. and Aubert, B. 1980. Biological control of psyllid vectors of greening disease in RŽunion Island. In: Calavan, E.D. et al., ed., Proceedings VIII Conference 10CV, 118Ð121. Evans, D.E. 1965. The coffee berry borer in Kenya. Kenya Coffee 30: 335Ð337. Fahringer, J. 1922. BeitrŠge zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise einiger Schmarotzerwespen unter besonderer BerŸchsichtigung ihrer Bedeutung fŸr biologisches BekŠmpfung von SchŠdlinger. Zeitschrift fŸr Angewandte Entomologie 8: 325Ð388. FAO 1982. Saudi Arabia Ñ three insect pests on maize, okra and eggplant. Plant Protection Bulletin FAO. 30: 24Ð25. FAO 1991. FAO 1990. Yearbook. Volume 44, FAO Rome, 283pp. Farine, J.P., Everaerts, C., Brossut, R. and Lequere, J.L. 1993. Defensive secretions of nymphs and adults of five species of Pyrrhocoridae (Insecta: Heteroptera). Biochemical and Systematic Ecology 21: 363Ð371.
384 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Farine, J.P. and Lobreau, J.P. 1984. Le gregarisme chez Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae): nouvelle methode d'interpretation statistique. Insectes Sociaux 31: 277Ð290. Farine, J.P., Tonnard, O., Brossot, R. and Liquere, J.L. 1992. Chemistry of pheromonal and defensive secretions in the nymphs and the adults of Dysdercus cingulatus Fabr. (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 18: 65Ð76. Farinelli, D., van den Berg, M.A. and Maritz, M. 1994. Report of work on Trichopoda pennipes F. (Diptera: Tachinidae) an adult parasitoid of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). The Southern African Macadamia Growers Association Yearbook 2: 22Ð23. Fauvergue, X. and Quilici, S. 1991. Etude de certains param tres de la biology de Tamarixia radiata (Waterston 1922) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), ectoparasitoide primaire de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), vecteur asiatique du greening des agrumes. Fruits 46: 179Ð185. Feldhege, M.R. 1992. Rearing techniques and aspects of biology of Phymastichus coffea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a recently described endoparasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). CafŽ, Cacao, ThŽ 36: 45Ð54. Fellowes, R.W. and Amarasena, J. 1977. Natural parasites of some grain legume pests in the dry zone. Tropical Agriculturist 133(2): 83Ð89. Fenner, T.L. 1987. Red-banded mango caterpillar. Plant Quarantine Leaflet No 51. Commonwealth Department of Primary Industry, Canberra. 4pp. Fenner, T.L. 1997. Red-banded mango caterpillar: biology and control prospects. Mango Care Newsletter, 2pp. Queensland. Ferino, M.P., Calora, F.B. and Magallona, E.D. 1982a. Biology of the cotton semi-looper, Anomis flava (Fabr.) (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). Philippine Entomologist 5: 247Ð271. Ferino, M.P., Calora, F.B. and Magallona, E.D. 1982b. Population dynamics and economic threshold level of the cotton semi-looper, Anomis flava flava (Fabr.) (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera). Philippine Entomologist 5: 401Ð446. Ferrari, R. and Burgio, G. 1994. Aphid parasitoids (in Italian). Informatore Fitopatologico 44(1): 25Ð30. Ferrari, R. and Nicoli, G. 1994. Life cycle and natural enemies of Aphis gossypii Glover: first observations (in Italian, English summary). Informatore Fitopatologico 44: 59Ð62.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Page 324 and 325: 5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
Page 326 and 327: References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
Page 328 and 329: References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
Page 330 and 331: References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
Page 332 and 333: References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
Page 334 and 335: References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
Page 336 and 337: References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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Page 340 and 341: References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
Page 350 and 351: References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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