Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937. Some Asiatic Telenominae (Hym., Proctotrupoidea). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20: 444Ð475. Nixon, G.E.J. 1966. New hymenopterous egg-parasites of Hemiptera on coffee (Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13: 535Ð538. Nixon, G.E.J. 1985. Development and emergence of Telenomus chloropus and Trissolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) at various temperatures and humidities. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78: 615Ð619. Niyazov, O.D. 1969. The parasites and predators of grape mealybug. (in Russian). Zashchita Rastenii 14: 11, 38Ð40. Noble, N.S. 1937. An egg parasite of the green vegetable bug. Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales 48: 337Ð341. Nordlund, D.A. and Lewis, W.J. 1985. Response of females of the braconid parasitoid Microplitis demolitor to frass of larvae of the noctuids Heliothis zea and Trichoplusia ni and to 13 methylhentriacontane. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 38: 109Ð112. Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy 1993. Annual Report 1992Ð1993. p. 10 Attachment A, Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service, Department of Primary Industries and Energy, Canberra, Australia. Novero, I.O. 1967. The biology of citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lyonetiidae, Lepidoptera) BS Thesis, University of the Philippines at Los BaO(÷,n)os. 24pp. Nozato, K. and Abe, T. 1988. Effects of predation of Coccinella septempunctata bruchi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and temperature on seasonal changes of the survival rate of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphidae) population in the warmer region of Japan. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 32: 198Ð204 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 77: 7768, 1989). Nucifora, A. 1996. Serpentine leaf miner of the shoots of citrus (Phyllocnistis citrella Ð Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Sicily and southern Italy: etho-biology and damage. First contribution (in Italian, English summary). Informatore Fitopatologico 46: 3Ð9. Nurhadi, 1989. Integrated approaches to formulate control measures against greening vector, Diaphorina citri Kuw. in Indonesia. In: B. Aubert, C. Ke and C. Gonzales, ed., Proceedings of the 2 FAO-UNDP Regional Workshop on the Asian-Pacific Citrus Greening Disease. 47Ð49. Nurhadi, F. and Crih, S.B. 1987. Records of important parasites attacking Diaphorina citri in East Java, Indonesia. 1p. Workshop on Citrus Greening Disease. Fuzhou, December 6Ð12, 1987. Reviews and Abstracts.
428 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Oatman, E.R. 1966. An ecological study of cabbage looper and imported cabbage worm populations on cruciferous crops in southern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 59: 1134Ð1139. Oatman, E.R. and Platner, G.R. 1969. An ecological study of insect populations on cabbage in southern California. Hilgardia 40: 1Ð40. Oatman, E.R. and Platner, G.R. 1978. Effect of mass releases of Trichogramma pretiosum against lepidopterous pests on processing tomatoes in southern California, with notes on host egg population trends. Journal of Economic Entomology 71: 896Ð900. Oatman, E.R., Platner, G.R. and Greany, P.D. 1968. Parasitization of imported cabbageworm and cabbage looper eggs on cabbage in southern California, with notes on the colonization of Trichogramma evanescens. Journal of Economic Entomology 61: 724Ð730. Oatman, E.R., Platner, G.R., Wyman, J.A., van Steenwyk, R.A. and Johnston, M.W. 1983a. Parasitization of lepidopterous pests on fresh market tomatoes in southern California. Journal of Economic Entomology 76: 452Ð455. Oatman, E.R., Trumble, J.T. and Voth, V. 1983b. Composition and relative abundance of parasites associated with aphid populations on strawberry in Southern California. Environmental Entomology 12: 1714Ð1717. OÕBrien, P.J., Stoetzel, M.B., Navasero, R.C. and Graves, J.B. 1993. Field biology studies of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Southwestern Entomologist 18: 25Ð35. OÕConnor, B.A. 1950. Trichopoda pennipes F. in Fiji and the British Solomon Islands. Fiji Agricultural Journal 21: 63Ð71. Ode, P.J. and Strand, M.R. 1995. Progeny and sex allocation decisions of the polyembryonic wasp Copidosoma floridanum. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 213Ð224. Ofuya, T.I. 1986. Predation by Cheilomenes vicina (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Homoptera: Aphidae): effect of prey stage and density. Entomophaga 31: 331Ð335. Ofuya, T.I. 1991. Aspects of the ecology of predation in two coccinellid species on the cowpea aphid in Nigeria. In: L. Polgar, R.J. Chambers, A.F.G. Dixon and I. Hodek, ed., Behaviour and Impact of Aphidophaga, SPB Academic Publishing. The Hague, 213Ð220. Ofuya, T.I. 1995. Colonization and control of Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera: Aphididae) by coccinellid predators in some resistant and susceptible cowpea varieties in Nigeria. Crop Protection 14: 47Ð50.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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