Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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oepkei, Scymnus Rogas Hym.: Braconidae Rogas granulatus De Gant Hym.: Braconidae 323 Rogas molestus Cresson Hym.: Braconidae 323 Rogas rufocoxalis Gahan Hym.: Braconidae 323 rosae, Aphidius roseipennis, Nabis rotundata, Gymnosoma rubentis, Eucelatoria rubicola, Trioxys rubiginosus, Dindymus rubricatus, Xenoencyrtus rudus, Trissolcus ruficrus, Apanteles ruficrus, Cotesia rufifemur, Cylindromyia rufilabris, Chrysopa rufipes, Megaselia rufocoxalis, Rogas rufopicta, Winthemia rugosa, Lysiphlebia rugosa, Sphegigaster rugosa, Trigonogastra ruralis, Voria rutila, Agonoscelis rutovinctus, Cryptus Scientific Index 519 saccharicolus, Blepyrus salicaphis, Adialytus salicaphis, Lysiphlebus salicis, Aphidius saltator, Conocephalus samoana, Enicospilus sanctus, Sympherobius sandanis, Sympiesis sanguinea, Cycloneda Sarcodexia innota (Walker) Dip.: Sarcophagidae 202 Sarcodexia sternodontis Townsend Dip.: Sarcophagidae 202, 327
520 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Sarcophaga sp. Dip.: Sarcophagidae sardus, Horismenus sativae, Liriomyza saundersii, Madremyia sawadai, Anagyrus scapuliferus, Scymnus 328 Scarites Col.: Carabidae scelestes, Brinckochrysa scelestes, Chrysopa schayeri, Calosoma schellenbergii, Oechalia schimitscheki, Lysaphidus 90, 102 Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) Hem.: Aphididae 5 Schizobremia formosana Felt Dip.: Cecidomyiidae 147, 154 Schizocerophaga leibyi Townsend Dip.: Tachinidae schwarzi, Euryrhopalus 328 Scleroderma Hym.: Bethylidae 180 Scleroderma cadaverica Benoit Hym.: Bethylidae 168, 180 Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister) Hem.: Pentatomidae 224 Scotolinx phyllocnistis, see Cirrospilus phyllocnistis 267 Scotolinx quadristriata, see Cirrospilus quadristriata scutellaris, Ischiodon scutellaris, Lipolexis scuticarinatus, Trissolcus 267 Scymnus Col.: Coccinellidae 43, 66, 146, 150, 152, 293, 305 Scymnus apetzi Mulsant Col.: Coccinellidae 292, 306 Scymnus apiciflavus (Motschulsky) Col.: Coccinellidae 146, 292 Scymnus bilucenarius (Mulsant) Col.: Coccinellidae 145, 146, 150, 152 Scymnus biguttatus Mulsant Col.: Coccinellidae 292, 306 Scymnus binaevatus Mulsant Col.: Coccinellidae 293, 296, 310 Scymnus bipunctatus, see Nephus bipunctatus 292, 296, 310 Scymnus constrictus Mulsant Col.: Coccinellidae 68 Scymnus hoffmanni Weise Col.: Coccinellidae 62, 63, 66 Scymnus includens (Kirsch) Col.: Coccinellidae 292, 314 Scymnus louisianae Chapin Col.: Coccinellidae 69 Scymnus margipallens Mulsant Col.: Coccinellidae 150, 154 Scymnus mauritiusi Korsch. Col.: Coccinellidae 146, 153 Scymnus pictus Gorham Col.: Coccinellidae 150
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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