Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the biological control of Planococcus citri Species HYMENOPTERA ENCYRTIDAE From To Year Result Reference Anagyrus kivuensis Kenya California 1948 Ð Bartlett & Lloyd 1958 Anagyrus pseudococci Brazil California California California Bermuda Chile 1934 1953 1951Ð54 1954 Ð + Ð Ð Bartlett & Lloyd 1958 Bartlett & Lloyd 1958 Bennett & Hughes 1959 Gonzalez & Rojas 1966 Anagyrus sp. nr pseudococci Italy California 1955, 1965 Ð Bartlett 1978, Bartlett & Lloyd 1958 Anagyrus sp. nr sawadai Texas + Meyerdirk et al. 1978 Blepyrus saccharicola California Bermuda 1951Ð54 Ð Bennett & Hughes 1959 Coccidoxenoides peregrinus Hawaii California Ð Armitage 1920 China California + Flanders 1951 China Bermuda 1951Ð54 + Bennett & Hughes 1959 California Chile 1954 Ð Gonzalez & Rojas 1966 Peru 1963 + Salazar 1972 Leptomastidea abnormis Sicily California California USA California Chile Bermuda USSR 1914 1931 1951Ð54 1960 + + + Viereck 1915; Smith 1917 Gonzalez & Rojas 1966 Bennett & Hughes 1959 Niyazov 1969 Leptomastidea sp. nr abnormis Mexico California 1956 Ð Bartlett & Lloyd 1958 4.15 Planococcus citri 307
Table 4.15.4 (contÕd) Introductions for the biological control of Planococcus citri Species HYMENOPTERA From To Year Result Reference ENCYRTIDAE (contÕd) Leptomastix dactylopii Brazil California California California California Italy California Chile Chile Bermuda Turkey Texas Australia India India Israel Italy Cyprus Sardinia 1934 1936 1958 1951Ð54 1970 1980 1983Ð85 1984 1956Ð7 1977 1974 + Ð + ? + + + + + Ð Ð (early) + (later) + Ð Compere 1939 Gonzalez & Rojas 1966 Gonzalez & Rojas 1966 Bennett & Hughes 1959 Tuncyurek 1970 Meyerdirk et al. 1978 Smith et al. 1988 Nagarkatti et al. 1992 Krishnamoorthy 1990, Prakasan & Bhat 1985; Krishnamoorthy & Singh 1987; Prakasan 1987; Reddy et al. 1988; Mani 1994 Rivnay 1960 Luppino 1979; Longo & Benfatto 1982 Viggiani 1975a,b; Mineo & Viggiani 1976a Krambias & Kontzonis 1980 Viggiani 1975a,b; Delrio et al. 1981; Ortu & Prota 1981; Ortu 1982 Sicily 1979 Ð Barbagallo et al. 1982 Longo & Benfatto 1982 Viggiani 1975a,b Italy Spain 1977 Ð Carrero 1980b USA USSR 1960 Niyazov 1969 308 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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Page 233 and 234: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
Page 235 and 236: Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
Page 237 and 238: Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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Page 243 and 244: EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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Page 249 and 250: The more important parasitoids 4.13
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Page 253: Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
Page 256 and 257: The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
Page 262 and 263: 4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
Page 264 and 265: Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Page 276 and 277: BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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Page 286 and 287: Biology of important natural enemie
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Page 290 and 291: Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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Page 296 and 297: 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Page 314 and 315: Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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Page 324 and 325: 5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
Page 326 and 327: References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
Page 328 and 329: References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
Page 330 and 331: References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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