Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagiri, K. and Aoki, J. 1975. Infection of Aedia leucomelas L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by an Entomophthora species of the Grylli type in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology 10: 226Ð230. La Croix, E.A. 1986. Macadamia entomology. Annual report for the year 1 October 1978 to 30 September 1979. Bvumbwe Agricultural Research Station, Malawi 1986: 94Ð96. La Porta, N.C. 1987. Biological aspects of Trichopoda giacomelli (Blanchard) Guimares 1971 (Diptera, Tachinidae), parasitoid of Nezara viridula (L.) 1758, Hem. Pentatomidae (in Spanish, English summary). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 44: 433Ð439 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 77: 7339, 1989). La Porta, N.C. 1990. Evaluation of field parasitism by Trichopoda giacomelli (Blanch.) Guimares 1971 (Diptera: Tachinidae) on Nezara viridula (L) 1758 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Revista Chilena de Entomologia 18: 83Ð87 (Review of Agricultural Entomology 81: 3673, 1993). La Salle, J. 1990. A new genus and species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitic on the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 80: 1, 7Ð10. La Salle, J. and Schauff, M.E. 1996. The genera of chalcid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) a workshop presentation. In: M.A. Hoy, ed., Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996. p60. Lai, P.Y. and Funasaki, G.Y. 1986. List of beneficial organisms purposely introduced for biological control in Hawaii: 1890Ð1986. Hawaii State Department of Agriculture Report. 78pp. Lal, O.P. 1975. Zur Uberwinterung von Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Lep., Pyralidae) a pest of egg-plant, Solanum melongena, in Kulu Valley, Western Himalayas, India. Anzeiger fŸr Schadlingskunde Pflanzenschutz Umwelschutz 48: 181Ð182. Lal, O.P. 1991. Varietal resistance in the eggplant, Solanum melongena, against the shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Zeitschrift fŸr Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz 98: 405Ð410. Lama, T.K. and Amtya, P.M. 1991. Prevalence of citrus greening disease and its psylla vector in Nepal and Bhutan. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Pacific Workshop on Integrated Citrus Health Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24Ð30 June 1991. p63.
410 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Lama, T.K., Regmi, C. and Aubert, B. 1987. Distribution for citrus greening disease vector (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) in Nepal and attempts of establishing biological control against it. . In: L.W. Timmer, S.M. Garnsey and L. Navarro, ed., Proceedings of the X 10CV meeting 255Ð257. Lama, T.K., Regmi, C. and Aubert, B. 1988. Distribution of citrus greening disease vector (Diaphorina citri Kuw.) in Nepal and attempts to establish biological control. In: L.W. Timmer, S.M. Garnsey and L. Navarro, ed., Proceedings of the 10 Conference of 10CV 255Ð257. Lamas, J.M. 1947. El gorgojo negro del plantano, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar. Estaci—n Experimental Agricola de la Molina 34: 1Ð14. Landolt, P.J. 1995. Attraction of female cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to males in the field. Florida Entomologist 78: 96Ð100. Landolt, P.J., Molina, O.H., Heath, R.R., Ward, K., Dueben, B.D. and Millar, J.G. 1996. Starvation of cabbage looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) increases attraction to male pheromone. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 89: 459Ð465. Latheef, M.A. and Irwin, R.D. 1983. Seasonal abundance and parasitism of lepidopterous larvae on Brassica greens in Virginia. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 18: 164Ð168. Latif, A. and Yunus, C.M. 1952. Foodplants of citrus leaf-miner (Phyllocnistis citrella Stn.) in the Punjab. Bulletin of Entomological Research 42: 311Ð316. Laumond, C., Mauleon, H. and Kermarrec, A. 1979. DonnŽes nouvelles sur le spectre d'htes et le parasitisme du nematode entomophage Neoaplectana carcocapsae. Entomophaga 24: 13Ð27. Le Pelley, R.H. 1943a. The biological control of a mealybug on coffee and other crops in Kenya. Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture 11: 77Ð88. Le Pelley, R.H. 1943b. An oriental mealybug (Pseudocococcus lilacinus Ckll.) (Hemiptera) and its insect enemies. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 93: 73Ð93. Le Pelley, R.H. 1968. Pests of Coffee. Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd. London. 590pp. Le Pelley, R.H. 1979. Some scelionid egg-parasites reared from coffee bugs and from some unusual pentatomid hosts. Entomophaga 24: 255Ð258. Lee, H.S. 1974. Control of ants in pineapple fields by Mirex bait. Journal of Taiwan Agricultural Research 23: 307Ð310 (in Chinese, English summary). Lee, S.C. 1979. Evaluation of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Howard) and Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) as egg parasites of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus). Korean Journal of Plant Protection 18: 199Ð200 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 70: 4504, 1982).
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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Page 336 and 337: References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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Page 340 and 341: References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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