Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.13.1 Natural enemies of Ophiomyia phaseoli Species HYMENOPTERA BRACONIDAE Country Reference Fopius sp. Thailand Burikam 1978; Burikam & Napompeth 1979, Napompeth 1994 Opius importatus East Africa Hawaii Opius ?liogaster* Mauritius Zimbabwe Greathead 1969, 1975 Raros 1975 Moutia 1932 Jack 1913; Taylor 1958 Opius oleracei Australia Kleinschmidt 1970 Opius phaseoli Botswana East Africa Ethiopia Hawaii India Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Philippines Taiwan Zimbabwe Opius sp. CHALCIDIDAE Taiwan Chu & Chou 1965 1. East Africa Greathead 1969 2. Sri Lanka Rutherford 1914b 3. * probably Opius phaseoli (Fischer 1971a) Zimbabwe Jack 1913 Greathead 1969 Greathead 1969 Abate 1991; Greathead 1969 Davis 1971, 1972; Fischer 1971a; Greathead 1975; Raros 1975 Fischer 1963; Ipe 1987 Greathead 1969 Letourneau 1994 Greathead 1969 Fischer 1971b N.S. Talekar pers. comm. 1994 Greathead 1969 240 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.13.1 (contÕd) Natural enemies of Ophiomyia phaseoli Species HYMENOPTERA Country Reference CYNIPIDAE Cynipoide sp. Indonesia Goot 1930 Eucoilidea sp. Taiwan Chu & Chou 1965 Unidentified Thailand Burikam 1978 EULOPHIDAE Aprostocetus sp. Ethiopia Abate 1991 Chrysonotomyia douglasi Australia Bou‹ek 1988; Kleinschmidt 1970 Chrysonotomyia sp. nr erythraea Ethiopia Abate 1991 Chrysonotomyia formosa Ethiopia Abate 1991 Chrysonotomyia sp. Australia Dodd 1917 Cirrospilus sp. Ethiopia Abate 1991 Euderus sp. Thailand Burikam 1978; Napompeth 1994 Hemiptarsenus varicornis Australia Dodd 1917; Kleinschmidt 1970; Bou‹ek 1988 Hemiptarsenus sp. Australia Philippines Kleinschmidt 1970 Litsinger 1987 Meruana liriomyzae Ethiopia Abate 1991 Pediobius acantha Ethiopia Abate 1991 Pediobius sp. East Africa Greathead 1969 Tetrastichus sp. India Gangrade 1974; Ipe 1987 Unidentified Hawaii Raros 1975 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 241
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Page 197 and 198: Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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Page 211 and 212: Table 4.12.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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Page 219 and 220: BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
Page 221 and 222: 4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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Page 225 and 226: THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
Page 227 and 228: 4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
Page 229 and 230: 4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
Page 231 and 232: 4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
Page 233 and 234: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
Page 235 and 236: Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
Page 237: Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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Page 243 and 244: EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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Page 247 and 248: Attempts at biological control 4.13
Page 249 and 250: The more important parasitoids 4.13
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Page 253: Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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Page 264 and 265: Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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