Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.12.1 Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid Geographic range Known host relations Selected references DIPTERA SARCOPHAGIDAE Sarcodexia innota Sarcodexia sternodontis TACHINIDAE Bogosia antinorii Cylindromyia rufifemur Ectophasia crassipennis Ectophasiopsis arcuata Euclytia flava Gymnosoma clavata Gymnosoma kuramanum Gymnosoma rotundata Trichopoda giacomellii (= Trichopoda nigrifrontalis, = T. gustavoi = Eutrichopodopsis nitens) Trichopoda lanipes Trichopoda pennipes Southern USA Two records ex N. viridula; wide host range as primary parasitoid and scavenger Widespread in Africa Recorded only ex N. viridula Australia One record ex N. viridula Italy Bred ex N. viridula Chile Well adapted to N. viridula Drake 1920; Temerak & Whitcomb 1984 Hokkanen 1986 Greathead 1966, 1971; Barraclough 1985 Cantrell 1984 Colazza & Bin 1995 Jones 1988 USA Generalist parasitoid Aldrich 1995 Palaearctic, Israel One record ex N. viridula Herting 1960 Japan Takano 1956 Palaearctic Wide host range; attacks Nezara spp. in Japan Kiritani et al. 1963; Kiritani & Sasaba 1969 Argentina, Brazil, Well adapted to N. viridula Blanchard 1966; Mallea et Colombia, Paraguay al. 1968; Gastal 1977a,b; Liljesthršm 1980, 1981; Ferreira 1984 Southern USA One record ex N. viridula; attacks other species Drake 1920 North America, Hawaii Well adapted to N. viridula Drake 1920; Todd & Lewis 1976; Jones 1979; Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; McPherson et al. 1982 202 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid DIPTERA Geographic range Known host relations Selected references TACHINIDAE (contÕd) Trichopoda pilipes West Indies, Hawaii Well adapted to N. viridula Trichopoda sp. Uruguay One record ex N. viridula Myers 1931; Nishida 1966; Davis 1967 Guido & Ruffinelli 1956 HYMENOPTERA EULOPHIDAE Pleurotropitiella albipes EURYTOMIDAE Argentina Esquivel 1950 Neorileya sp. EUPELMIDAE Brazil Recorded only ex N. viridula Ferreira 1981, 1984, 1986 Anastatus bifasciatus Italy Bred ex N. viridula Colazza & Bin 1990 Anastatus dasyni Malaysia Pentatomidae, Coreidae; described ex N. viridula van der Vecht 1933 Anastatus japonicus East Asia Lepidoptera, Heteroptera; produces only males in N. viridula Hokyo et al. 1966b; Kiritani & Sasaba 1969 Anastatus sp. Thailand Emerged ex imported eggs of N. viridula Jones 1988 Anastatus sp. Southern USA Two records ex N. viridula Jones 1988 Anastatus sp. Australia (Queensland) One record ex N. viridula Seymour & Sands 1993 Unidentified sp. ENCYRTIDAE Hawaii ex N. viridula on macadamia Jones 1992 Hexacladia hilaris USA One record ex N. viridula Buschman & Whitcomb 1980 Ooencyrtus californicus California ex N. viridula and other pentatomids Hoffmann et al. 1991 4.12 Nezara viridula 203
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Page 155 and 156: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
Page 157 and 158: Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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Page 181: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Page 188 and 189: Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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Page 231 and 232: 4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
Page 233 and 234: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Page 243 and 244: EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Table 4.15.4 (contÕd) Introduction
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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