Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 1994. The intrinsic rate of increase of Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson (Hym.: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom.: Aphididae) at different temperatures. Journal of Applied Entomology 118: 399Ð406. van Steenis, M.J. 1995. Evaluation of four aphidiine parasitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 75: 151Ð157. van Steenis, M.J. and El Khawass, K.A.M.H. 1995. Life history of Aphis gossypii on cucumber: influence of temperature, host plant and parasitism. Entomologica Experimentalis et Applicata 76: 121Ð131. van Steenis, M.J., El Khawass, K.A.M.H. and Lenteren, J.C. van 1996. Different parasitoid introduction schemes determine the success of biological control of Aphis gossypii with the parasitoid Aphidius colemani. Proceedings of the meeting, 'Integrated Control in Glasshouses', held in Vienna, Austria, 20Ð25 May 1996. Bulletin OILB-SREP 19: 159Ð162. Varaprasad, K.S., Balasubramanian, S., Dinakar, B.J. and Rao, C.V.R. 1994. First report of an entomogenous nematode, Panagrolaimus sp., from coffee-berry borer: Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) from Karnataka, India. Plant Protection Bulletin Faridabad 46(2Ð3): 34. Varela, A. and Morales, E. 1996. Characterisation of some Beauveria bassiana isolates and their virulence toward the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 67: 147Ð152. Varma, G.C. 1977. Record of Anagyrus bohemani Westwood from India. Entomologists' Newsletter 7: 5, 20. Veenakumari, K., Prashanth, M. and Ranganath, H.R. 1995. Additional records of insect pests of vegetables in the Andaman Islands (India). Journal of Entomological Research 19: 277Ð279. Vehrs, S.L. and Parrella, M.F. 1991. Aphid problems increase on ornamentals. California Agriculture 45: 28Ð29. Veitch, R. 1926. Notes on some attempts to control Fijian plantation pests by the introduction of parasites and predators. Pan-Pacific Science Congress Proceedings (1923) 1: 377Ð383. Velayudhan, R. and Senrayan, R. 1989. Sib-mating and reproductive strategy of Gryon sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Current Science 58: 824Ð826. Venkatraman, T., Gupta, S.N. and Negi, P.S. 1948. Preliminary trials in the propagation of Bracon (Microbracon) greeni Ashmead on unnatural hosts. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science, B, 27: 92Ð104. Verdcourt, B. 1970. Studies in the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae for the flora of tropical East Africa IV. Kew Bulletin 24: 507Ð569.
466 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Vergara, R.R. and Galeano, O.P.E. 1994. Population interactions between aphids and their natural enemies in cotton in the area of Tolima. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 20: 15Ð22. Verma, T.S. and Lal, O.P. 1985. A new record of Itamoplex sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitising eggplant shoot and fruit borer in Kulu valley, Himachal Pradesh. Bulletin of Entomology 26: 219Ð222. Viereck, H.L. 1915. Notes on the life history of a species of wasp-like parasite of the genus Leptomastix, parasitic on the mealybug. California State Commission on Horticulture. Monthly Bulletin 4: 208Ð211. Viggiani, G. 1975a. Possibilities of biological control of some citrus insects (Planococcus citri Risso and Dialeurodes citri Ashm). (in Italian, English summary). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 32: 52Ð59. Viggiani, G.A. 1975b. Reintroduction of Leptomastix dactylopii for the biological control of Planococcus citri (in French, English summary). Fruits 30: 259Ð260. Viggiani, G. and Maresca, A. 1973. Studies on Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea XXXIV. Morphological and biological data on Leptomastidea abnormis (Grlt.) (Hym. Encyrtidae), an important parasite of Planococcus citri (Risso). (in Italian, English summary). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 30: 55Ð65. Vilardebo, A. 1973. Le coefficient d'infestation, crit re d'Žvaluation du degrŽ d'attaques des bananeraies par Cosmopolites sordidus Germ. le charan on noir du bananier. Fruits 28: 417Ð426. Villacorta, A. 1984. Occurrence of Beauveria sp. infecting the coffee borerÑHypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in plantations in Paran‡ State. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 13: 177Ð178 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 73: 7722, 1985). Villacorta, A. 1985. Meridic diet for the rearing of successive generations of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 14: 315Ð319 (in Portuguese, English summary) (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 75: 351, 1987). Villanueva-Jimenez, J.A. and Hoy, M.A. 1996. Critical points for attack Ð what do we know about the biology of the citrus leafminer. In: M.A. Hoy, ed., Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996, 53Ð59. Vinson, S.B. and Scarborough, T.A. 1989. Impact of the imported fire ant on laboratory populations of cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) predators. Florida Entomologist 72: 107Ð111.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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