Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. Records of introduction of beneficial insects into the Hawaiian islands. In F.X. Williams, 1931, Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian sugar cane fields. Hawaii Sugar Planters Association, Experiment Station, 400pp. Szab—, J.B. 1981. In Hemipteren-Eiern lebende Telenominen aus der Turkei (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 42: 197Ð199. Szent-Ivany, J.J.H., 1963. A biological control experiment against coffee mealybug in the Wau Valley. Highlands Quarterly Bulletin, New Guinea 4: 8Ð9. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. 1984. Annual report 1983. Taichung Hsien, Taiwan (in Chinese). Takada, H. 1968. Aphidiidae of Japan (Hymenoptera). Insecta Matsumurana 30: 67Ð124. Takada, H. 1992. Aphid parasitoids as biological control agents of vector aphids of papaya ring spot virus and banana bunchy top virus. Food and Fibre Technology Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Technical Bulletin 132: 1Ð11. Takada, H. and Tokomaku, S. 1996. Observations on oviposition and host-feeding behavior of Aphelinus gossypii Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 31: 263Ð270. Takada, H. and Yamauchi, S. 1979. Records of two aphidiid species new to Japan and synonyms of Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Akitu, new series 26: 1Ð6 (from Takada 1992). Takahashi, R. 1939. Insect pests of pineapple, especially Pseudococcus brevipes Ckll. 1. (in Japanese). Bulletin of the Agricultural Research Institute of Formosa 161, 17pp. (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 28: 257, 1940). Takano, S. 1956. Classification of and biological observations on Tachinidae. In: Annual Report of Cooperative Research (Agric.), Ministry of Education, Tokyo (from Hokkanen 1986), 59Ð63. Talekar, N.S. 1990. Agromyzid Flies of Food Legumes in the Tropics. Wiley Eastern Publisher, New Delhi, India. 299pp. Talekar, N.S. and Hu, W.J. 1993. Morphological characters in Vigna glabrescens resistant to agromyzids (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 1287Ð1290. Talekar, N.S. and Lee, Y.H. 1989. Procedure for mass-rearing of bean fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 82: 316Ð318. Talekar, N.S. and Tengkano, W. 1993. Mechanism of resistance to bean fly (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in soybean. Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 981Ð985.
458 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Tamaki, N. and Miyara, A. 1982. Studies on the ecology of the eggplant fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Japan. (in Japanese). Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection in Kyushu 28: 158Ð162. Tan, B. and Huang, M. 1996. Managing the citrus leafminer in China. p In: .A. Hoy, ed., Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996, 49Ð52. Tang, Y.Q. 1989. A preliminary survey on the parasite complex of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Fujian 1988. In: B. Aubert, K. Chung and C.I. Gonzales, ed., Asian/Pacific Citrus Greening November 20Ð26, 1988. 10Ð17. Tang, Y.Q. and Huang, Z.P. 1991. Studies on the biology of two primary parasites of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae). In: Proceedings of the 6 International Asia Pacific Workshop on Integrated Citrus Health Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24Ð30 June 1991, 91Ð104. Tang, Y.Q., Yokomi, R.K. and Gagne, R.J. 1994. Life history and description of Endaphis maculans (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an endoparasitoid of aphids in Florida and the Caribbean Basin. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87: 523Ð531. Tao, C.C. and Chiu, S.C. 1971. Biological control of citrus, vegetable and tobacco aphids. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taipei. Special Publication 10: 1Ð110. Tardieux, I. and Rabasse, J.M. 1986. Host-parasite interrelationships in the case of Aphidius colemani. In: I. Hodek, ed., Ecology of Aphidophaga. Academia, Prague, 125Ð130. Tardieux, I. and Rabasse, J.M. 1988. Some aspects of host immunity and physiological suitability in aphids attacked by Aphidius colemani. In: E. Niemczyk and A.F.G. Dixon, ed., Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 311Ð315. Tawfik, M.F.S., Abul Nasr, S. and El Husseini, M.M. 1972. The biology of Labidura riparia Pallas (Dermaptera: Labiduridae). Bulletin de la SociŽtŽ Entomologique d'Egypte 56: 75Ð92. Taylor, C.E. 1958. The bean stem maggot. Rhodesian Agricultural Journal 55: 634Ð636. Taylor, J.S. 1930. Notes on some South African Lepidoptera. Entomological Record 42(9): 122Ð123. Temerak, S.A. & Whitcomb. W.H. 1984. Parasitoids of predaceous and phytophagous pentatomid bugs in soybean fields at two sites of Alachua County, Florida. Zeitschrift fŸr Angewandte Entomologie 97: 279Ð282. Tewari, G.C. and Moorthy, P.N.K. 1984. New records of two parasites of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Entomon 9: 63Ð64.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
Page 448 and 449: References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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