Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. Biology and virus transmission of citrus aphids. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Technical Bulletin 136. 9pp. Koppenhšfer, A.M. 1993a. Observations on egg-laying behaviour of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar). Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 68: 187Ð192. Koppenhšfer, A.M. 1993b. Egg predators of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Col., Curculionidae) in western Kenya. Journal of Applied Entomology 116: 352Ð357. Koppenhšfer, A.M. 1994. Observations on the bionomics of Thyreocephalus interocularis (Eppelsheim) (Col.: Staphylinidae), a predator of the banana weevil. Journal of Applied Entomology 117: 388Ð392. Koppenhšfer, A.M. and Reddy, K.V.S. 1994. A comparison of rearing methods for the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on its natural host. Insect Science and its Application 15: 191Ð195. Koppenhšfer, A.M., Reddy, K.V.S., Madel, G. and Lubega, M.C. 1992. Predators of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), (Col., Curculionidae) in Western Kenya. Journal of Applied Entomology 114: 530Ð533. Koppenhšfer, A.M. and Schmutterer, H. 1993. Dactylosternum abdominale (F.) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): a predator of the banana weevil. Biocontrol Science and Technology 3: 141Ð147. Koppenhšfer, A.M., Sikora, R.A. and Reddy, K.V.S. 1995. Eidonomy and ecology of Dactylosternum abdominale (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), a predator of the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Entomologia Generalis 19: 303Ð313. Krambias, A. and Kontzonis, A. 1980. Establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii (How.) in Cyprus. Fruits 35: 783Ð785. Kranz, J., Schmutterer, H. and Koch, N. 1977. Diseases, Pests and Weeds in Tropical Crops. Parey. Berlin. 328Ð329. Kreasky, J.B., Ilcken, E.H. and Rogoff, W.M. 1972. Insects collected by aeroplane over the Imperial Valley, California. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 65: 1431Ð1432. Krishnaiah, K. 1980. Methodology for assessing crop losses due to pests of vegetables. pp. In: Govindhu, H.C., Veeresh, G.K., Walker, P.T. and Jenkyn, J.F., ed., Assessment of crop losses due to pests and diseases. University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India. 259Ð267 Krishnamoorthy, A. 1984. Influence of adult diet on the fecundity and survival of the predator, Chrysopa scelestes (Neur.: Chrysopidae). Entomophaga 29: 445Ð450.
408 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Krishnamoorthy, A. 1988. Development and voracity of Chrysopa lacciperda Kimmins on Planococcus citri (Risso). Journal of Biological Control 2: 97Ð98. Krishnamoorthy, A. 1990. Evaluation of permanent establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. against Planococcus citri (Risso) in citrus orchards in India. Fruits, Paris 45: 29Ð32. Krishnamoorthy, A. and Mani, M. 1989a. Coccidoxenoides peregrina: a new parasitoid of Planococcus citri in India. Current Science 58: 466. Krishnamoorthy, A. and Mani, M. 1989b. Records of green lacewing's preying on mealybugs in India. Current Science 58: 155Ð156. Krishnamoorthy, A. and Singh, S.P. 1987. Biological control of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, with an introduced parasite, Leptomastix dactylopii in India. Entomophaga 32: 143Ð148. Krombein, K.V., Hund, P.D., Smith, D.R. and Burks, B.D. 1979. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D.C. 3 vols. 2735pp. Kshemkalyani, S.B., Enliley, M.R., Hakim, S.S.Y. and Prabhakar, J.D. 1989. Pathogenic fungus of Dysdercus cingulatus. Indian Journal of Entomology 51: 322Ð324. Kumar, A., Kapoor, V.C. and Grewal, J.S. 1988. Biology of aphidophagous Leucopis species (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae). Journal of Insect Science 1: 102Ð103. Kumar, A., Tripathi, C.P.M., Singh, R. and Pandey, R.K. 1983. Bionomics of Trioxys (Binodoxys) indicus, an aphidiid parasitoid of Aphis craccivora. 17. Effect of host plants on the activities of the parasitoid. Journal of Applied Entomology 98: 304Ð307. Kumar, N.G., Thontadarya and Kulkkarni, K.A. 1980. Some natural enemies of the pod borer Cydia ptychora Meyrick. Current Research 9: 146Ð147. Kumar, P.K.V., Prakasan, C.B. and Vijayalakshmi, C.K. 1990. Coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): first record from India. Journal of Coffee Research 20: 161Ð164. Kundu, G.G. 1985. Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon) (Agromyzidae: Diptera) Ñ a new host of Chlorocytus sp. (Pteromalidae: Chalcidoidea) from India. Journal of Entomological Research 9: 110Ð111. Kurisaki, M. 1920. On the life-history of the citrus leaf miner, Phyllocnistis saligna Zell., and the relation between the miner and citrus canker, Pseudomonas citri Hasse. Konehu Sekai, Gifu 24: 39Ð44. Kuroko, H. and Lewvanich, A. 1993. Lepidopterous Pests of Tropical Fruit Trees in Thailand (with Thai Text). Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan 132pp.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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