Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Processes of infection and pathogenesis of Entomophthora fresenii on aphids (in Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Biological Control 3: 121Ð123. Zhang, Z.Q. 1992. The natural enemies of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hom.: Aphididae) in China. Journal of Applied Entomology 114: 251Ð262. Zhang, Z.Q. and Chen, P. 1993. Parasitism of Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) by Allothrombium pulvinum larvae (Acari: Trombidiidae) in cotton fields: spatial dispersion and density dependence. Experimental and Applied Acarology 17: 905Ð912. Zhang, Z.Q., Chen, P.R., Wang, K. and Wang, X.Y. 1993. Overdispersion of Allothrombium pulvinum larvae (Acari: Trombidiidae) parasitic on Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphididae) in cotton fields. Ecological Entomology 18: 379Ð384. Zhao, D.X. and Holling, C.S. 1986. Studies on predation of the coccinellid beetle Scymnus hoffmanni Weise to cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. 1. Functional response of Scymnus hoffmanni to cotton aphid (in Chinese, English summary). Contributions from Shanghai Institute of Entomology 6: 43Ð57. Zhao, X.M., Qi, J.C. and Yan, R.P. 1989. Preliminary report on biological characters of Paradosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae) and its use in the control of the cotton aphid. Natural Enemies of Insects 3: 110Ð115. Zheng, Y.S. and Tang, B.S. 1989. Field releases and recovery of an introduced aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hym.: Braconidae) in Shaanxi. Chinese Journal of Biological Control 5: 68Ð70 (in Chinese, English summary). Zimmerman, E.C. 1968. Rhynchophorinae of southeastern Polynesia. Pacific Insects 10: 47Ð77. Zinna, G. 1959. Richerche sugli insetti entomofagi 1. Specializzazione entomoparssitica negli Encyrtidae. Studio morfologico, etologico e fisiologico del Leptomastix dactylopii Howard. Bollettino del Laboratoiro di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 18: 1Ð148. Zinna, G. 1960. Esperimenti di lotta biologica contro il cotonello degli agrumi (Pseudococcus citri (Risso)) del isola di Procida mediante l'impiego di due parassiti esotica, Pauridea peregrina Timb. e Leptomastix dactylopii How. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 18: 257Ð284. Zou, Y.D., Wang, H.F., Tao, Q.Z., Liu, D.K., Yu, W. and Holling, C.S. 1986. Studies on predation of Propylaea japonica (Thung) larvae on Aphis gossypii Glover (in Chinese). Insect Knowledge 5: 219Ð222 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 77: 487, 1989).
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
Page 404 and 405: References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
Page 406 and 407: References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
Page 408 and 409: References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
Page 410 and 411: References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
Page 412 and 413: References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
Page 414 and 415: References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
Page 416 and 417: References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
Page 418 and 419: References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
Page 422 and 423: References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
Page 424 and 425: References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
Page 426 and 427: References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
Page 428 and 429: References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
Page 430 and 431: References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
Page 432 and 433: References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
Page 434 and 435: References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
Page 436 and 437: References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
Page 438 and 439: References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
Page 440 and 441: References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
Page 442 and 443: References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
Page 444 and 445: References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
Page 448 and 449: References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
Page 452 and 453: 6 Index of scientific names of inse
Page 454 and 455: Allograpta pfeifferi, see Allograpt
Page 456 and 457: Scientific Index 481 Aphelinus abdo
Page 458 and 459: Ascotolinx funeralis Girault Hym.:
Page 460 and 461: Scientific Index 485 borbonicus, Pa
Page 462 and 463: Scientific Index 487 cardiae, Diaph
Page 464 and 465: Scientific Index 489 Chrysopa sinic
Page 466 and 467: Scientific Index 491 comstocki, Pse
Page 468 and 469: Scientific Index 493 Cylindromyia r
Page 470 and 471: Scientific Index 495 Dysdercus cing
Page 472 and 473: Scientific Index 497 Eurytoma larvi
Page 474 and 475: Scientific Index 499 Galerita bicol
Page 476 and 477: Scientific Index 501 Heterospilus c
Page 478 and 479: Scientific Index 503 interpunctella
Page 480 and 481: Scientific Index 505 lilacinus, Pla
Page 482 and 483: Scientific Index 507 mariae, Spiloc
Page 484 and 485: Scientific Index 509 multicolor, Br
Page 486 and 487: Scientific Index 511 ogyges, Trisso
Page 488 and 489: Scientific Index 513 pensylvanica,
Page 490 and 491: Scientific Index 515 Platynaspis Co
Page 492 and 493: Scientific Index 517 Pseudococcus c
Page 494 and 495: oepkei, Scymnus Rogas Hym.: Braconi
Page 496 and 497: Scientific Index 521 Scymnus quadri
Page 498 and 499: Scientific Index 523 Spilochalcis n
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Scientific Index 525 Telenomus gifu
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Scientific Index 527 Trichopoda pil
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Scientific Index 529 Vespula pensyl
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7 General Index abelmoschus, Hibisc
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unneum, Metarrhizium burmanica, Bou
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General Index 535 Coffea 163, 288 C
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General Index 537 faba, Vicia felti
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Ipomoea hederifolia 11 Ipomoea indi
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General Index 541 max, Glycine 35 m
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General Index 543 parsley 320 Passe
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General Index 545 sabadariffa, Hibi
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General Index 547 tobacco 199, 289,
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