Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid HYMENOPTERA Geographic range Known host relations Selected references ENCYRTIDAE (contÕd) Ooencyrtus fecundus Morocco VoegelŽ 1961 Ooencyrtus johnsoni California ex N. viridula and other pentatomids Hoffmann et al. 1991 Ooencyrtus malayensis Malaysia, Philippines Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Lepidoptera van der Vecht 1933; Jones et al. 1983 Ooencyrtus nezarae East Asia Coreidae, Pentatomidae, Plataspidae; not uncommon on N. viridula in Japan Hokyo & Kiritani 1966 Ooencyrtus pityocampae Italy Breeds in eggs of N. viridula and other pentatomids in the laboratory Tiberi et al. 1991 Ooencyrtus submetallicus West Indies, Central and South America Pentatomidae, Coreidae Gahan 1927; Lee 1979; de Santis 1985; Ferreira 1986 Ooencyrtus trinidadensis West Indies, Argentina Pentatomidae, Coreidae Davis & Krauss 1963; Davis 1967; de Santis 1985 Ooencyrtus sp. Brazil One record ex N. viridula Ferreira 1986 Ooencyrtus sp. Thailand Emerged ex imported eggs of N. viridula Jones 1988 Ooencyrtus sp. Philippines Possibly is O. malayensis Davis 1967; Corpuz 1969 Ooencyrtus sp. France One record; recovered ex other pentatomids Jones 1988 Ooencyrtus sp. Italy Bred ex N. viridula Colazza & Bin 1995 Ooencyrtus sp. (spp.?) Southern USA Taxonomy and host range not known Drake 1920; Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; Jones 1988 Xenoencyrtus hemipterus (= X. niger) Australia Seymour & Sands 1993 Xenoencyrtus rubricatus Australia Described ex N. viridula Riek 1962 Xenoencyrtus sp. Australia Bred ex N. viridula Forrester 1979 204 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid HYMENOPTERA Geographic range Known host relations Selected references PTEROMALIDAE Pteromalus sp. Egypt One record ex N. viridula Adair 1918 3 spp. Brazil Ferreira & Moscardi 1995 SCELIONIDAE Gryon fulviventris Africa, Asia Pentatomoidea; attacks N. viridula only in Thailand Anderson 1919; Dry 1921, Jones 1988 Gryon japonicum Japan, Brazil native of Japan Kishino & Teixeira 1994 Gryon obesum Southern USA, Brazil Records ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; Masner 1983; Hoffmann et al. 1991; Correa & Moscardi 1995 Gryon sp. Australia Minor attack on N. viridula Titmarsh 1979 Gryon sp. Laos One record ex N. viridula; may be G. fulviventris Grist & Lever 1969; Dean 1978a,b Gryon sp. India One record ex N. viridula, may be G. fulviventris Yadava et al. 1982 Psix lacunatus Asia, Australia Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae; ex N. viridula in Pakistan Johnson & Masner 1985 Psix striaticeps Africa, India Togo Pentatomidae; recorded once ex ÔNezaraÕ Common on N. viridula and 2 other pentatomids Telenomus chloropus Palearctic Pentatomidae; major parasitoid of Nezara spp. in E. Asia; females only in Japan Fouts 1934; Johnson & Masner 1985; Poutouli 1995 Kiritani & Hokyo 1962; Hokyo & Kiritani 1963; Johnson 1984a Telenomus comperei Philippines Cadapan & Alba 1987 Telenomus cristatus Southern USA, West Indies Known only ex N. viridula and Acrosternum hilare Johnson 1984a; Orr et al. 1986 4.12 Nezara viridula 205
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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Page 155 and 156: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
Page 157 and 158: Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
Page 159 and 160: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
Page 161 and 162: Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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Page 179 and 180: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
Page 181: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Page 186 and 187: Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
Page 188 and 189: Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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Page 225 and 226: THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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Page 229 and 230: 4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
Page 231 and 232: 4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
Page 233 and 234: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
Page 235 and 236: Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Page 243 and 244: EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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Page 247 and 248: Attempts at biological control 4.13
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Table 4.15.4 (contÕd) Introduction
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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