Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1995. Aggregation of the parasitoid Trichopoda giacomelli (Diptera: Tachinidae) in patches of different host density (in Spanish, English summary). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 54: 59Ð66. Liljesthršm, G. and Bernstein, C. 1990. Density dependence and regulation in the system Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), host and Trichopoda giacomelli (Blanchard) (Diptera: Tachinidae, parasitoid. Oecologia 84: 45Ð52. Liljestršm, G. and Camean, P. 1992. Parasitism of a population of the green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) by the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Woll.) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). (in Spanish, English summary). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia La Plata 68: 71Ð76. Lim, W.H. 1972. Wilting and green spotting of pineapple by the bisexual race of Dysmicoccus brevipes in West Malaysia. Malaysian Pineapple 2: 15Ð21. Lim, W.H. 1973. Studies on the bisexual race of Dysmicoccus brevipes Ckll.: its bionomics and economic importance. Malaysian Agricultural Journal 49: 254Ð267. Lim, W.H., Shamsudin, O.M. and Ko, W.W. 1990. Citrus greening disease in Malaysia: status report. In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn and D. Buangsuwon, ed., Proceedings of the 4th International Asia Pacific Conference on Citrus Rehabilitation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 4Ð10 February 1990, 100Ð105. Lima, M.L.L. and van Harten, A. 1985. Biological control of crop pests in Cape Verde. Current situation and future programmes (in Portuguese, English summary). Revista Investiga ao Agraria, Centro de Estudos Agrarios A 1: 3Ð12. Lin, K.H. and Lin, K.H. 1990. The citrus Huang Lung Bin (Greening) disease in China. In: B. Aubert, S. Tongyaporn and D. Buangsuwon, ed., Proceedings of the 4th International Asia Pacific Conference on Citrus Rehabilitation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 4Ð10 February 1990, 1Ð25. Lin, S.J. and Tao, C.C. 1979. Psyllaephagus diaphorinae new species parasitising Diaphorina citri in Taiwan, China (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum 32: 117Ð121. Lingren, P.D., Bryant, V.M., Raulston, J.R., Pendleton, M., Westbrook, J. and Jones, G.D. 1993. Adult feeding, host range and migratory activities of corn earworm, cabbage looper and celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths as evidenced by attached pollen. Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 1429Ð1439. Lingren, P.D. and Green, G.L. 1984. Suppression and management of cabbage looper populations. USDA Technical Bulletin No 1684. 150pp. Lingren, P.D., Lukefahr, M.J., Diaz, M. and Hartsack, A. 1978. Tobacco budworm control in caged cotton with a resistant variety, augmentation releases of Campoletis sonorensis and natural control by other beneficial species. Journal of Economic Entomology 71: 739Ð745.
414 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Link, D., Estefanel, Dos Santos, O.S., Mezzomo, M.C. and Abreu, L.E.V. 1973. Influenca do ataque de pentatomideos nas caracteristicas agronomicas do grao da soja, Glycine max (L.) Mem. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 2: 59Ð65 (in Smith 1978). Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymis, Locis., Editio decima, reformata, Holmiae: Laurentii Salvii Tome 1 823pp. (Nezara viridula described as Cimex viridulus, on page 444). Liotta, G. 1965. Acclimation de Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. en Sicile et lutte biologique contre Pseudococcus citri R. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Entomology, 567. Liotta, G. and Manzella, S. 1995. Preliminary indications for the defence of serpentine leafminer of citrus. (in Italian). Informatore Agrario 51: 61Ð62. Liotta, G. and Mineo, G. 1965. Prove di "lotta biologica artificiale" contro lo Pseudococcus citri R. (cotonello degli agrumi). Bollettino dell' Instituto di Entomologia Agraria e dell' Osservatorio Fitopathologia di Palermo (1963Ð64) 5: 129Ð142. Liotta, G., Peri, E., Salerno, G., Di Cristina, D. and Manzella, S. 1996. Natural enemies of the serpentine leafminer of citrus. Informatore Agrario 52(8): 123Ð124. Litsinger, J.A. 1987. Quoted from Talekar 1990. Liu, Y.D., Fang, J.M., Huang, S.F. and Chen, W. 1985. A study on integrated control measures for Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton. Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology 1: 30Ð31 (in Chinese) (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 74: 5797, 1986). Liu, Z.M. 1989. Studies on the interaction system of citrus psylla Diaphorina citri Kuw., and its natural enemies, Tetrastichus sp. and Chrysopa boninensis Okamoto. Studies on the Integrated Management of Citrus Insect Pests. Academic Book and Periodical Press, Guangzhou, China, 144Ð164. Liu, Z.X. 1993. Studies on the developmental zero and effective accumulative temperature of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (in Chinese). Entomological Knowledge 30: 275Ð278. Lloyd, D.C. 1958. Studies of parasite oviposition behaviour. II Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Canadian Entomologist 90: 450Ð461. Lloyd, D.C. 1964. The effect of rearing in an unnatural host on the oviposition response of Leptomastix dactylopii How. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. Technical Bulletin 4: 113Ð120. Lloyd, D.C. 1966. Some aspects of egg resorption in Leptomastix dactylopii How. Entomophaga 11: 365Ð381.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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Page 340 and 341: References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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