Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai, I. 1991. Seasonal population trends of male citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton, as determined by capture in sex attractant baited traps in Oita Prafecture. (in Japanese). Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 37: 160Ð162. Nakasuji, F., Hokyo, N. and Kiritani, K. 1966. Assessment of the potential efficiency of parasitism in two competitive scelionid parasites of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 1: 113Ð119. Nan, L.Z., Wang, D.A., Sun, X., Li, X.Z., Tian, X.G. and Zhang, W.H. 1987. Study of protection and application of natural enemies of cotton insect pests (in Chinese). Natural Enemies of Insects 9: 125Ð129 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 76: 7074, 1988). Nanne, H.W. and Klink, J.W. 1975. Reducing banana root weevil adults from an established plantation. Turrialba 25: 177Ð178. Nanta, P., Morakote, R., Samankkanee, B. and Boonyong, S. 1992. The role of hymenopterous parasitoids attacking citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella in pummelo orchard at Pichit Province, Thailand. Proceedings, XIX International Congress of Entomology. Beijing, China p. 328. Napompeth, B. 1990. The use of natural enemies to control agricultural pests in Thailand.In: The Use of Natural Enemies to Control Agricultural Pests. Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre for Asia and the Pacific Region, Taipei, Taiwan. 8Ð27. Napompeth, B. 1994. Potential of biological control in soybean insect management system. World Soybean Research Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand. February 22Ð26, 1994. 8pp. Narayanan, E.S. 1960. Two new species of chalcidoid parasites from India. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences Section B. 52: 119Ð123. Narayanan, E.S., Subba Rao, B.R. and Kaur, R.B. 1957. Notes on the biology of parasites of the leaf miner of citrus plants. Proceedings, 44th Indian Science Congress Part III, pp. 396Ð397. Naresh, J.S., Malik, V.S. and Balan, J.S. 1986a. Estimation of fruit damage and larval population of brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis GuenŽe and its parasitisation by Trathala sp. on brinjal. Bulletin of Entomology, New Delhi 27: 44Ð47. Naresh, J.S., Malik, V.S., Balan, J.S. and Khokhar, K.S. 1986b. A new record of Trathala sp., a larval endoparasite attacking brinjal fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis GuenŽe. Bulletin of Entomology, New Delhi 27: 74. Nath, M.B. and Dutta, S.K. 1994. Biology of Nezara viridula (L.) on green gram. Journal of the Agricultural Science Society of Northeast India 7: 144Ð148.
426 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Navasero, M.V. 1983. Biology and chemical control of the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis GuenŽe (Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines at Los Ba–os, Philippines. Navasero, R.C. and Oatman, E.R. 1989. Life history, immature morphology and adult behavior of Telenomus solitus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Entomophaga 34: 165Ð177. Ndiege, I.O., Jayaraman, S., Oehlschlager, A.C., Gonzalez, L., Alpizar, D. and Fallas, M. 1996. Convenient synthesis and field activity of a male-produced aggregation pheromone of Cosmopolites sordidus. Naturwissenschaften 83: 280Ð282. Neale, C., Smith, D., Beattie, G.A.C. and Miles, M. 1995. Importation, host specificity, rearing and release of three parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in eastern Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 34: 343Ð348. Negasi, F. and Abate, T. 1986. Studies on the control of the bean fly Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8: 47Ð59. Nemeye, P.S., Moore, D. and Prior, C. 1990. Potential of the parasitoid Heterospilus prosopidis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a vector of plant-pathogenic Colletotrichum spp. Annals of Applied Biology 116: 11Ð19. Neupane, F.P. 1977. Biology of cotton semilooper, Anomis (Cosmophila) flava F. Nepalese Journal of Agriculture 12: 57Ð65. Neupane, F.P. 1995. Country profile-agricultural entomology in Nepal. Review of Agricultural Entomology 83: 1291Ð1304. Ng, S.M. and Starù, P. 1986. Records on aphid parasitoids from Malaysia (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 83: 101Ð104. Nguyen, I.T. and Nguyen, S.T. 1982. The use of Trichogramma in Vietnam. (in Russian). Zachista Rastenii 1982: 52. Nguyen, X.T. 1986. Green semilooper (Anomis flava Fab.) damages jute plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and the ability of biological control in killing them. Khoa Hoc va Ky Thuat Nong Ngliep 9: 395Ð400. Nishida, T. 1966. Behavior and mortality of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula in Hawaii. Researchers in Population Ecology 8: 78Ð88. Nixon, G.E.J. 1935. A revision of the African Telenominae (Proctotrupoidea. Fam. Scelionidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 83: 73Ð103. Nixon, G.E.J. 1936. Three new species of Telenominae (Hym. Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 5: 131Ð134.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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