Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961. Seasonal abundance of the cabbage looper as related to light trap collections, precipitation, temperature and the incidence of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of Economic Entomology 54: 796Ð798. Hohmann, C.L., Luck, R.F. and Oatman, E.R. 1988a. A comparison of longevity and fecundity of adult Trichogramma platneri (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) reared on eggs of the cabbage looper and the Angoumois grain moth, with and without access to honey. Journal of Economic Entomology 81: 1307Ð1312. Hohmann, C.L., Luck, R.F., Oatman, E.R. and Platner, G.R. 1988b. Oviposition behaviour of Trichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 17: 185Ð195. Hokkanen, H. 1986. Polymorphism, parasites and the native area of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae). Annales Entomologici Fennici 52: 28Ð31. Hokkanen, H. and Pimentel, D. 1984. New approach for selecting biological control agents. Canadian Entomologist 116: 1109. Hokyo, H., Shiga, M. and Hakasuji, F. 1966a. The effect of intra- and interspecific conditioning of host eggs on the ovipositional behaviour of two scelionid egg parasites of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. Japanese Journal of Ecology 16: 67Ð71. Hokyo, N. and Kiritani, K. 1963. Two species of egg parasites as contemporaneous mortality factors in the egg population of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 7: 214Ð226. Hokyo, N. and Kiritani, K. 1966. Oviposition behaviour of two egg parasites, Asolcus mitsukurii Ashmead and Telenomus nakagawai Watanabe (Hym., Proctotrupoidea, Scelionidae). Entomophaga 11: 191Ð201. Hokyo, N., Kiritani, K., Nakasuji, F. and Shiga, M. 1966b. Comparative biology of the two scelionid egg parasites of Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Japanese Applied Entomology and Zoology 1: 94Ð102. Hollis, D. 1987. A new citrus-feeding psyllid from the Comoro Islands, with a review of the Diaphorina amoena species group (Homoptera). Systematic Entomology 12: 47Ð61. Honda, J., Han, M.W. and Leppla, N.C. 1996. Sodium polyacrylamide polyacrylate, a gelling agent in diets for cabbage looper, omnivorous looper and western avocado leafroller. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 81: 175Ð180. Hoy, M.A., ed. 1996. Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996.
398 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Hoy, M.A., Johnson, S. and Ru Nguyen. 1996. Seasonal biological control of the citrus leafminer: in theory and practice. In: M.A. Hoy,ed., Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996, 16Ð19. Hoy, M.A. and Smith, J.M. 1996. Rearing the citrus leafminer and two parasitoids, Ageniaspis citricola and Cirrospilus ingenuus (= quadristriatus) for a classical biological control program . In: M.A. Hoy,ed.,Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996. p 62. Huang, J. and Tang, Y.Q. 1996. Parasitoids as biological control agents for the citrus leafminer in southern China .In: M.A. Hoy,ed., Managing the citrus leafminer. Proceedings from an International Conference, Orlando Florida, April 23Ð25, 1996. p 85. Huang, M.D., Cheng, D.X., Li, S.X., Mai, X.H., Tan, W.C. and Szetu, J. 1989a. Studies on population dynamics and control strategy of the citrus leafminer. (in Chinese, English Summary) Acta Entomologica Sinica 32: 58Ð67; also published in Studies on the integrated management of citrus insect pest. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Academic Book and Periodical Press, 63Ð75 Huang, M.D. and Li, S.X. 1989. The damage and economic threshold of citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton to citrus. Studies on the integrated management of citrus insect pests. pp. 84Ð89. (in Chinese, English summary) Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. Academic Book and Periodical Press. Huang, M.L., Lu, Y.S., Qiu, Z.S., Zhou, Q.M., Men, Y.J. and Lin, S.G. 1989b. Life history of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and its occurrence. Acta Phytophylactica Sinica 16: 159Ð162 (in Chinese) (Review of Agricultural Entomology 82: 1557, 1994). Huffaker, C.B. and Messenger, P.S., ed., 1976. Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Academic Press. 788pp. Hughes, R.D. 1989. Biological control in the open field. IN: A.K. Minks and P. Harrewijn. ed., Aphids, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Volume C Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam, 167Ð198. Hunt, J.H. 1984. Adult nourishment during larval provisioning in a primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes metricus Say. Insectes Sociaux. 31: 452Ð460. Hunter, K.W. and Stoner, A. 1975. Copidosoma truncatellum: effect of parasitization on food consumption of larval Trichoplusia ni. Environmental Entomology 4: 381Ð382.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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Page 324 and 325: 5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
Page 326 and 327: References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
Page 328 and 329: References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
Page 330 and 331: References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
Page 332 and 333: References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
Page 334 and 335: References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
Page 336 and 337: References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
Page 338 and 339: References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
Page 340 and 341: References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
Page 350 and 351: References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
Page 398 and 399: References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
Page 404 and 405: References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
Page 406 and 407: References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
Page 408 and 409: References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
Page 410 and 411: References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
Page 412 and 413: References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
Page 414 and 415: References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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Page 418 and 419: References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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