Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985. Afrotropical Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): new records and notes. Journal of Natural History 19: 227Ð284. Purseglove, J.W. 1968. Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons 1 and 2. 719pp. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd, London. Purseglove, J.W. 1972. Tropical Crops. Monocotyledous. Longmans, Green and Co Ltd, London. Puzzi, D. 1939. The value of parasitisation by P. nasuta in combatting the coffee berry borer. Jornal de Agronomia 2: 259Ð264 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 28: 287, 1940). Qing, T.Y. 1990. On the parasite complex of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Asian-Pacific and other areas. In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn and B. Buangsuwon, ed., Proceedings of the 4th International Asia Pacific Conference on Citrus Rehabilitation. Chiang Mai, Thailand 4Ð10 February 1990. 240Ð245 Qing, T.Y. and Aubert, B. 1990. An illustrated guide to the identification of parasitic wasps associated with Diaphorina citri Kuwayama in the Asian-Pacific Region. In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn and D. Buangsuwon, ed., Proceedings of the 4th International Asia Pacific Conference on Citrus Rehabilitation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 4Ð10 February 1990, 228Ð239. Quilici, S. 1989. Biological control of citrus pysllid in RŽunion Island. In: B. Aubert, K.E. Chung and C. Gonzales, ed., Proceedings of the 2nd FAO-UNDP Regional Workshop, Lipa, Philippines, Asian/Pacific Citrus Greening. November 20Ð26, 1988. 39Ð42. Quilici, S. and Fauvergue, X. 1990. Studies on the biology of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). In: B. Aubert, S. Tontyaporn and B. Buangsuwon, ed., Proceedings of the 4th International Asia Pacific Conference on Citrus Rehabilitation. Chiang Mai, Thailand 4Ð10 February 1990, 251Ð256. Quilici, S., Leclant, F., Delvare, G. and Vercambre, B. 1988. Aphids and their natural enemies of Reunion Island: a review and new observations. In: E. Niemczyk and A.F.G. Dixon, ed., Ecology and Effectiveness of Aphidophaga. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 111Ð117. Rabasse, J.M. 1986. Aphid parasites in biological and integrated control in France . In: I. Hodek, ed., Ecology of Aphidophaga 2, Academia, Prague, 465Ð469. Raciti, E., Tumminelli, R., Campo, G. and Cutuli, G. 1995. Strategies of integrated defence in citrus crops. Informatore Agrario 56: 73Ð76. Raj, B.T. 1989. Seasonal abundance of natural enemies of aphids infesting potato crop. Journal of Aphidology 3: 157Ð161.
436 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Ramaseshiah, G., Bhat, K.V. and Dharmadhikari, P.R. 1969. Influence of host aphid, host plant and temperature on the laboratory breeding of Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Indian Journal of Entomology 30: 281Ð285. Ramaseshiah, G. and Dharmadhikari, P.R. 1969. Aphelinid parasites of aphids in India Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin 11: 156Ð164. Ramirez, G.G. and Zuluaga, C.J.I. 1995. Identification of hymenopterous parasitoids of aphids on cotton, citrus and horticultural crops in Valle del Cauca (in Spanish, English summary). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 21: 71Ð76. Rangi, D.C., Murphy, S.T., Nangayo, F.L. and Moore, D. 1988. Fourth and final report on the coffee berry borer project. CAB International Institute of Biological Control, unpublished report. 23pp. Rao, M.N. 1989. A crawler-proof cage for breeding mealybugs and their natural enemies. Journal of Biological Control 3: 70. Rao, M.S. and Patel, R.C. 1973. Biology and control of okra semi-looper, Anomis flava Fabricius (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) on okra. Indian Journal of Entomology 35: 198Ð205. Rao, V.P., Ghani, M.A., Sankaran, T. and Mathur, K.C. 1971. A review of the biological control of insects and other pests in Southeast Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Communication 6. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, England. Raros, E.S. 1975. Bionomics of the beanfly Ophiomyia phaseoli (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasites in Hawaii. PhD Thesis, University of Hawaii (from Talekar 1990). Raspi, A. and Bertolini, L. 1993. Contributions to the knowledge of Diptera Chamaemyiidae. VI Ethological and morphological notes on Leucopis (Leucopomyia) silesiaca Egger and Leucopis (Leucopomyia) alticeps Czrnmy. Frustula Entomologica 16: 119Ð132. Ratcliffe, F.N. 1965. Biological control. Australian Journal of Science 28: 237Ð240. Raychaudhuri, D. 1990. Aphidiids (Hymenoptera) of Northeast India. Indiru Publishing House, Michigan, USA. 155pp. Raychaudhuri, D.N., Dutta, S., Agarwala, B.K., Raha, S.K. and Raychaudhuri, D. 1979. Some parasites and predators of aphids in northeast India and Bhutan - II. Entomon 4: 163Ð166. Re‡l, P. 1959. Le cycle annual de la chenille Dysmicoccus brevipes Ckll. vectrice d'un 'wilt' de l'ananas en bass Cote d'Ivoire; son dŽterminisme. Revue de Pathologie VŽgetale 38: 3Ð111.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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