Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S.C. 1988. The illustrations of citrus insect pests and their natural enemies in Taiwan. Taichung: Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute 75pp (in Chinese) (from Heppner 1993). Lockley, T.C. and Young, O.P. 1988. Prey of the striped lynx spider Oxyopes salticus (Araneae: Oxyopidae) on cotton in the delta area of Mississippi. Journal of Arachnology 14: 395Ð397. Lockley, T.C., Young, O.P. and Hayes, J.L. 1989. Nocturnal predation by Misumena vatia (Araneae, Thomisidae). Journal of Arachnology 17: 249Ð251. Loebel, R. 1975. Weevil borer not main cause of plantation decline. Banana Bulletin 30: 10 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 65: 295, 1977). Logvinovskaya, T.V. 1983. A new species of encyrtid of the genus Ageniaspis Dahlbom, 1857 (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) from Vietnam. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 62: 150Ð152 (English translation). Longo, S. and Benfatto, D. 1982. Utilisation of Leptomastix dactylopii How. for biological control of the citrus mealybug in eastern Sicily. (in Italian). Informatore Agrario 38: 19671Ð19672 and 19675Ð19676. Lopez, A.B. and Ramos, N.G. 1986. Comportamiento de poblaciones de Cosmopolites sordidus y Tetramorium guineense en condiciones naturales. Ciencias de la Agricultura 28: 9Ð12. Lu, F.M. and Lee, H.S. 1987. Seasonal occurrence of insect pests on eggplant (in Chinese, English summary). Plant Protection Bulletin, Taiwan 29: 61Ð70 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 76: 1951, 1988). Lucchi, A. 1994. The scent gland system of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). III Male ventral abdominal glands. Redia 77: 1Ð10. Luedders, V.D., Dickerson, W.A. and Hardin, G.B. 1978. Insect resistant soybeans. Agricultural Research 26: (8) 15. Luppino, P. 1979. Biological control in citrus plantations: parasitisation of Planococcus citri by Leptomastix dactylopii. (in Italian). Informatore Agrario 35: 4183Ð4186. Lyashova, L.V. 1992. Lysiphlebus against aphids on vegetable crops (in Russian). Zashchita Rasteni 7: 27. Ma, X.Y. and Liu, Z. 1985. Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) and its seasonal fluctuation in cotton fields (in Chinese). Plant Protection 11: 12Ð13 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 75: 2977, 1987). Mackauer, M. 1959. Die europŠischen Arten der Gattungen Praon und Areopraon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Eine monographische Revision. Beitrage fŸr Entomologie 9: 810Ð865.
416 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Mackauer, M. 1962a. Wirtsbindung der Aphidiinae und Fahrensholzeche Regel. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Entomology, Vienna 1960, 2: 733Ð738. Mackauer, M. 1962b. Blattlaus-Schlupwespen der Sammlung F.P. MŸller, Rostock (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea: Aphidiidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie 12: 631Ð661. Mackauer, M. 1963. Bemerkungen zur Systematik, Verbreitung und Wirtsbindung des Ephedrus persicae Komplexes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Zeitschrift fŸr Angewandte Entomologie 52: 343Ð354. Mackauer, M. 1965. Parasitological data as an aid in aphid classification. Canadian Entomologist 97: 1016Ð1024. Mackauer, M. and Starù, P. 1967. Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea. World Aphidiidae. In: V. Delucchi and G. Remaudi re's Index of Entomophagous Insects. Le Francois, Paris. 195pp Mackauer, M. and Way, M.J. 1976. Myzus persicae Sulz., an aphid of world importance. In: V.L. Delucchi, ed. Studies in Biological Control. International Biological Programme 9. Cambridge University Press. 51Ð119. Maheswariah, B.M. and Puttarudriah, M. 1956. Insect pests of cotton in Mysore. Mysore Agricultural Journal 31: 220Ð226. Makino, S., Ikeda, K., Horimoto, M., Nishioka, T. and Yamaguchi, T. 1990. Ecology and control of French bean miner, Ophiomyia phaseoli Tryon. 1. Occurrence in Kagoshima (in Japanese). Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 36: 146Ð149 (Review of Agricultural Entomology 81: 1094. 1993). Mallea et al. 1968. An‡lisis de una poblaci—n de Nezara viridula (L.) StŒl (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) "Chinche verde de las hortalizas", en relaci—n al grado de parasitismo de Trichopodopsis gustavoi Mallea (Diptera, Gymnostomatidae). Intersectum, Mendosa. 10: 17Ð20 (from Liljesthršm 1981). Mallik, S.N., Kumar, M., Sinha, A.N. and Karn, B.P. 1989. Trathala flavoorbitalis Cameron (Ichneumonidae) Ñ a parasite of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. from Bihar. Current Science 58: 1098Ð1099. Mani, M. 1994. Recovery of the indigenous Coccidoxenoides peregrinus and the exotic Leptomastix dactylopii on Planococcus citri in lemon and acid lime orchards. Biocontrol Science and Technology 4: 49Ð52. Mani, M. 1995. Comparative development, progeny production and sex ratio of the exotic parasitoid Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Hym., Encyrtidae) on Planococcus lilacinus and P. citri (Homop., Pseudococcidae). Entomon 20: 23Ð26. Mani, M. and Krishnamoorthy, A. 1990. Natural suppression of mealybugs in guava orchards. Entomon 15: 245Ð247.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
Page 350 and 351: References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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