Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and Mackauer, M.J.P. 1963. Identity, distribution and hosts of Aphidius matricariae Haliday, an important parasite of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Hymenoptera: Aphididae - Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 56: 648Ð653. Schmiedeknecht, O. 1924. Heterospilus coffeicola n. sp., eine in KaffeefrŸchten in Uganda lebende Schlupfwespe. Mededelingen van het Koffiebessenboeboek-Fonds. no. 9: 202Ð204 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 12: 201, 1924). Schmitz, G. 1968. Premi re contribution ˆ l'Žtude de Cosmophila flava Fabr., parasite des cotonniers au Mali. Coton et Fibres Tropicales 23: 173Ð178. Schmitz, G. and Crisinel, P. 1957. The campaign against Stephanoderes hampei Ferr. Publications de l'Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomique du Congo Belge. SŽrie Scientifique 70: 156pp (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 47: 394, 1959). Schmutterer, H. 1990. Crop Pests in the Caribbean with Particular Reference to the Dominican Republic. GTZ, Germany. 640pp. Schreiner, L., Nafus, D. and Bjork, C. 1986. Control of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Dipt.: Agromyzidae) on yard-long (Vigna unguiculata) and pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) on Guam: effect on yield loss and parasite numbers. Tropical Pest Management 34: 333Ð337. Schwartz, P.H. 1983. Losses in yield of cotton due to insects. USDA Agriculture Handbook No 589: 329Ð358. Schweizer, J. 1932. Report for the year 1931. Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation 48: 87pp. (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 20: 543, 1932). Sekhar, P.S. 1957. Mating, oviposition and discrimination of hosts by Aphidius testaceipes (Cresson) and Praon aguti Smith, primary parasites of aphids. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 50: 370Ð375. Sekhar, P.S. 1960. Host relationships of Aphidius testaceipes (Cresson) and Praon aguti Smith, primary parasites of aphids. Canadian Journal of Zoology 30: 595Ð605. Selim, A.A., El-Refai, S.A. and El-Gantiry 1987. Seasonal fluctuations in the population of Aphis craccivora Koch, Myzus persicae (Sulz), Aphis gossypii (Glov.) and their parasites. Annals of Agricultural Science 32: 1837Ð1848 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 77: 1932, 1989). Sengupta, G.C. and Behura, B.K. 1955. Some new records of crop pests from India. Indian Journal of Entomology 17: 283Ð285. Sengupta, G.C. and Behura, B.K. 1957. Annotated list of crop pests in the State of Orissa. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of India No. 5. 44pp. Sengupta, G.C. and Misra, D. 1956. Proceedings of the 43rd Indian Science Congress III: 292 (from Wadhi and Batra 1964).
444 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Serrano, F.B. 1934. Pineapple mealybug wilt in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 55: 363Ð377. Setokuchi, O. Nakagawa, K. and Kobayashi, M. 1985. Ecological studies on the defoliators of sweet potato. I. Development process in the larval stage of three major pests, Aedia leucomelas Linne, Agrius convolvuli Linne and Brachmia triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer). (in Japanese, English summary). Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 31: 143Ð147. Setokuchi, O., Nakagawa, K. and Kobayashi, M. 1986. Food consumption of three major sweet potato defoliators, Aedia leucomelas Linnaeus, Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus) and Brachmia triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer). (in Japanese, English summary). Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 30: 93Ð98. Seymour, J.E. and Sands, D.P.A. 1993. Green vegetable bug (Nezara viridula (L.)) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Australian pecans. In: S.A. Corey, D.J. Dall and W.M. Milne, ed., Pest Control and Sustainable Agriculture). CSIRO Press, Melbourne. 226Ð228. Shafee, S.A., Alam, S.M. and Agarwal, M.M. 1975. Taxonomic survey of encyrtid parasites (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in India. Aligarh Muslim University Publications (Zoological Series) on Indian Insect Types 10 (i-iii): 1Ð125. Shahjahan, M. 1968. Superparasitisation of the southern green stink bug by the tachinid parasite Trichopoda pennipes and its effect on host survival. Journal of Economic Entomology 61: 1088Ð1091. Sharma, A.N. and Shukla, A.K. 1993. Field screening of soybean germplasm for resistance to insect pests and diseases. Soybean Genetics Newsletter 20: 73Ð78. Shaw, S.S., Verma, R.S., Badaya, A.K., Mandloi, K.C. and Bhalla, P.L. 1989. An outbreak of giant hawk moth in Nimar Valley of Madkya Pradesh. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 2: 93. Shepard, B.M., Elsey, K.D., Muckenfuss, A.E. and Justo, H.D. 1994. Parasitism and predation on egg masses of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in tomato, okra, cowpea, soybean and wild radish. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 11: 375Ð381. Shepard, M., Powell, J.E. and Jones, W.A. 1983. Biology of Microplitis demolitor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an imported parasitoid of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) spp. and the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 12: 641Ð645. Shi, D.S. 1980. Studies on hymenopterous parasite complex and their fluctuation in cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in Shanghai. Contributions, Shanghai Institute of Entomology 215Ð219.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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