Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and Batistela Sobrinho, I. 1987. Introdu ao da vespa de Uganda Ð Prorops nasuta Waterst., parasita da broca do cafe Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari 1867), em regioes cafeeiras do estado do Mato Grosso. pp. 259Ð260, 14 Congreso Brasileiro de Pesquisas Cafeeiras. Ministerio da Industria e de Comercio/IBC. Campinas, SP. 1Ð4 Dez., 1987 (from Murphy and Moore 1990). Ferreira, B.S.C. 1980. Ocorr ncia, no Brasil, de Trissolcus basalis, parasita de ovos de Nezara viridula. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 15: 127Ð128. Ferreira, B.S.C. 1981. Ocorr ncia de parasitas em ovos e adultos de per evejos da soja. In 7th Congress Brasilian Entomology 12Ð17 July, 1981. Fortaleza, Ceara. (abstr.). Ferreira, B.S.C. 1984. Incid ncia do parasit—ide Eutrichopodopsis nitens Blanchard, 1966 em popula ›es do per evejo verde Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758). Anais da Sociedad Entomologica do Brasil 13: 321Ð330 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 73: 7638, 1985). Ferreira, B.S.C. 1986. Ocorr ncia natural do complexo de parasit—ids de per evejos da soja no Paran‡ (in Portuguese, English summary). Anais da Sociedad Entomologica do Brasil 15: 189Ð199 (Review of Applied Entomology, Series A 76: 5262, 1988). Ferreira, B.S.C. and Moscardi, F. 1995. Seasonal occurrence and host spectrum of egg parasitoids associated with soybean stink bugs. Biological Control 5: 196Ð202. Ferreira, B.S.C., Thomazina, M.J. and Zamataro, C.E. 1991. Effect of parasitism by Eutrichopodopsis nitens Blanchard on the longevity and reproduction of Nezara viridula (in Portuguese, English summary). Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 26: 837Ð842 (Biocontrol News and Information 16: 510, 1995). Ferreira, B.S.C. and Zamataro, C.E.O. 1989. Reproductive capacity and longevity of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) and Trissolcus mitsukurii Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae (in Portuguese, English summary). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 49: 621Ð626 (Review of Agricultural Entomology 81: 7632, 1993). Ferri re, C. 1929. The Asiatic and African species of the genus Elasmus, Westw. (Hym., Chalci.). Bulletin of Entomological Research 20: 411Ð423. Ferris, G.F. 1950. Atlas of the scale insects of North America. V. The Pseudococcidae (Part 1). Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. 278 pp. Field, R.P. 1984. The use of predators and parasites in Australian biological control programs. Invited paper.In: Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Applied Entomological Research Conference. Australian Agricultural Council. 24Ð28 September 1984. Adelaide, Australia. 333Ð343.
386 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Figueroa, W. 1990. Biocontrol of the banana root borer weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) with steinernematid nematodes. Journal of Agriculture, University of Puerto Rico. 74: 15Ð19 (from Pe–a and Duncan 1991). Filho, A.B., Camargo, L.M.P.C de, Myazaki, I., Cruz, B.P.B. and Oliveira. 1987. Controle biol—gico do 'Moleque' da bananeira (Cosmopolites sordidus, Germar, 1824) pelo uso de fungos entom—genos, no laborat—rio. (in Portuguese, English summary) Biologico 53: 1Ð6. Fischer, M. 1963. Die orientalischen und australischen Arten der Gattung Opius Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 35: 197Ð242. Fischer, M. 1966. Revision der Indo-australischen Opiinae. Verlag Dr W. Junk, den Haag. 165pp. Fischer, M. 1971a. Zwei von Uganda nach Hawaii importierte Opius-Arten (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Anzeiger fŸr SchŠdlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz 44: 10Ð12. Fischer, M. 1971b. Index of entomophagous insects. Index of world Opiinae. Le Fran ois, Paris 189pp. Fisher, T.W. 1963. Mass culture of Cryptolaemus and Leptomastix, natural enemies of citrus mealybug. California Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 797. 38pp. Flanders, S.E. 1951. Citrus mealybug. Four new parasites studied in biological control experiments. California Agriculture 5: 11. Flanders, S.E. 1957. Fig scale parasites introduced into California. Journal of Economic Entomology 50: 171Ð172. Flemying, W.W. 1918. Sphinx convolvuli attacked by larvae of dipteron. Irish Naturalist 27: 13. Fletcher, T.B. 1914. Some South Indian Insects and Other Animals of Importance, Considered Especially from an Economic Point of View. Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. Fletcher, T.B. 1916. One hundred notes on Indian insects. Agricultural Research Institute Pusa, Bulletin 59, No 27 (from Dhankar 1988). Flint, H.M., Heneberry, T.J., Wilson, F.D., Holguin, E., Parks, N. and Buehler, R.E. 1995. The effects of transgenic cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., containing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes for the control of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) and other arthropods. Southwestern Entomologist 20: 281Ð292.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Page 324 and 325: 5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
Page 326 and 327: References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
Page 328 and 329: References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
Page 330 and 331: References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
Page 332 and 333: References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
Page 334 and 335: References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
Page 336 and 337: References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
Page 338 and 339: References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
Page 340 and 341: References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
Page 342 and 343: References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
Page 344 and 345: References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
Page 346 and 347: References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
Page 350 and 351: References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
Page 398 and 399: References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
Page 404 and 405: References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
Page 406 and 407: References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
Page 408 and 409: References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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