Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh, A.K. 1975. Aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Meghalaya, India. Oriental Insects 9: 343Ð349. Starù, P. and Ghosh, A.K. 1983. Aphid parasitoids of India and adjacent countries (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Zoological Survey of India. Technical Monograph 7: 1Ð96. Starù, P. and Juchnevi‹, L.A. 1978. Aphid parasites (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) from Kazakhstan, USSR. Bulletin Entomologique de Pologne 48: 523Ð532. Starù, P., Leclant, F. and Lyon, J.P. 1975. Aphidiides (Hym.) et aphides (Hom.) de Corse. I. Les aphidiides. Annales de la SociŽtŽ Entomologique de France (N.S.) 18: 107Ð127. Starù, P., Lyon, J.P. and Leclant, F. 1988a. Biocontrol of aphids by the introduced Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cress.) (Hym., Aphidiidae) in Mediterranean France. Journal of Applied Entomology 105: 74Ð87. Starù, P., Lyon, J.P. and Leclant, F. 1988b. Post-colonisation host range of Lysiphlebus testaceipes in the Mediterranean area (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 85: 1Ð11. Starù, P., Michelina, J.M. and Melia, A. 1988c. Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson 1880), un parasito exotico de afidos y agente de control biologico en Espana (Hym., Aphidiidae) (in Spanish, English summary). Graellsia 41: 131Ð135. Starù, P. and Remaudi˜re, G. 1982. New genera, species and host records of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) from Mexico. Annales de la SociŽtŽ Entomologique Fran ais 18: 107Ð127. Starù, P., Remaudi re, G. and Etienne, J. 1987. Aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) from Guadeloupe, West Indies. Florida Entomologist 70: 178Ð180. Starù, P., Remaudi re, G. and Leclant, F. 1973. Nouvelles donnŽes sur les Aphidiides de France (Hym.). Annales de la SociŽtŽ Entomologique de France NS 9: 309Ð329. Starù, P. and Schlinger, E.I. 1967. A revision of the far East Asian Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera). Series Entomologica 3: 1Ð204 (from Singh and Agarwala 1992). Starù, P. and Schmutterer, H. 1973. A review of aphid parasites (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in Kenya. Zeitschrift fŸr Angewandte Entomologie 74: 351Ð356. Starù, P. and van Harten, A. 1972. A review of the Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) of Angola. Rev Cienc. Biol A5: 107Ð120. University of Lourenzo Marques, Mozambique. Starù, P. and Zelenù, J. 1983. Aphid parasitoids from Vietnam (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca 80: 190Ð195.
454 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Stechmann, D.H. and Všlkl, W. 1988. Introduction of Lysiphlebus testaceips (Cresson) (Hym.: Aphidiidae) into the Kingdom of Tonga, Oceania. In: Niemczyk, E. and Dixon, A.F.G, ed., Ecology and effectiveness of Aphidophaga. Proceedings of an international symposium held at Teresin, Poland, 31, AugustÐ5 September 1987. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague. 271Ð273. Stechmann, D.H. and Všlkl, W. 1990. A preliminary survey of aphidophagous insects of Tonga, with regard to the biological control of the banana aphid. Journal of Applied Entomology 10: 408Ð415. Stechman, D.H., Všlkl, W. and Stary, P. 1996. Ant attendance as a critical factor in the biological control of the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Coq. (Hom. Aphididae) in Oceania. Journal of Applied Entomology 120: 119Ð123. Steffan, J.R. 1958. Brachymeria (Hym. Chalcididae) parasites de Anomis flava F. ˆ Madagascar. Entomophaga 3: 275Ð280. Steinberg, S., Prag, H. and Rosen, D. 1993. Host plant affects fitness and host acceptance in the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). Bulletin OILB 16: 161Ð164 (Review of Agricultural Entomology 81: 9021, 1993). Steinkraus, D.C., Boys, G.O. and Slaymaker, P.H. 1993a. Culture storage and incubation period of Neozygites fresenii (Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae) a pathogen of the cotton aphid. Southwest Entomologist 18: 197Ð202. Steinkraus, D.C., Hollingsworth, R.G. and Boys, G.O. 1996. Aerial spores of Neozygites fresenii (Entomopthorales: Neozygitaceae): density, periodicity and potential role in cotton aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) epizootics. Environmental Entomology 25: 48Ð57. Steinkraus, D.C., Hollingsworth, R.G. and Slaymaker, P.H. 1995. Prevalence of Neozygites fresenii (Entomophthorales: Neozygitaceae) on cotton aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Arkansas cotton. Environmental Entomology 24: 465Ð474. Steinkraus, D.C., Kring, T.J. and Tugwell, N.P. 1991. Neozygites fresenii in Aphis gossypii on cotton. Southwestern Entomologist 16: 118Ð122. Steinkraus, D.C. and Slaymaker, P.H. 1994. Effect of temperature and humidity on formation, germination and infectivity of conidia of Neozygites fresenii (Zygomycetes: Neozygitaceae) from Aphis gossypii (Homoptera: Aphidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 64: 130Ð137. Steinkraus, D.C., Slaymaker, P.H. and Tugwell, N.P. 1992. Fungal epizootics in the cotton aphid. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Producers Research Conference, Memphis, Tennesee, 2: 821Ð822. Steinkraus, D.C., Slaymaker, P.H. and Tugwell, N.P. 1993b. Role of Neozygites fresenii for cotton aphid control. Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Memphis, Tennesee 2: 741Ð743.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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