Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.9.1 Natural enemies of Dysmicoccus brevipes Country References HEMIPTERA DIASPIDIDAE Diaspis bromeliae ORTHOPTERA Mauritius Jepson 1939a Conocephalus saltator NEUROPTERA CHRYSOPIDAE Hawaii Carter 1935 Chrysopa irregularis Fiji Lever 1940 Chrysopa ramburi Fiji Lever 1940 Chrysopa sp. COLEOPTERA COCCINELLIDAE Fiji Lever 1940 Brachycantha sp. Guatemala Carter 1935 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Hawaii Kalshoven 1981 Fiji, New Caledonia Williams & Watson 1988 Cryptolaemus sp. Fiji, New Caledonia Williams & Watson 1988 Rhizobius ventralis Hawaii, New Caledonia Williams & Watson 1988 Scymnus apiciflavus Malaysia Yunus & Ho 1980 Scymnus bilucenarius Guatemala Carter 1935 Scymnus mauritiusi Mauritius Jepson 1939a Scymnus sp. Fiji, New Caledonia Cohic 1958 Sticholotis quatrosignata Malaysia Yunus & Ho 1980 Coccinellids Other species in introductions listed in table 4.9.2 Taiwan Takahashi 1939 146 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.9.1 (contÕd) Natural enemies of Dysmicoccus brevipes DIPTERA Country References CECIDOMYIIDAE Schizobremia formosana Taiwan Takahashi 1939 Cecidomyiid sp. 1 Guatemala Carter 1935 Cecidomyiid sp. 2 Mauritius Jepson 1939a Cecidomyiid sp. 3 Puerto Rico Plank & Smith 1940 DROSOPHILIDAE Gitonides perspicax Mauritius Jepson 1939a Pseudiastata nebulosa Guatemala Carter 1935 LEPIDOPTERA PYRALIDAE Species 1 TINEIDAE Puerto Rico Plank & Smith 1940 Drosica abjectella South Africa BŸttiker 1957 Species 1 HYMENOPTERA ENCYRTIDAE Puerto Rico Plank & Smith 1940 Aenasius acuminatus Trinidad Kerrich 1967 Aenasius theobromae Trinidad Kerrich 1953 Anagyrus ananatis Brazil Carter 1937; Gabriel et al. 1982 Anagyrus sp. Brazil Compere 1936 Encyrtid sp. 1 Brazil Compere 1936 Euryrhopalus propinquus Brazil, Guyana, Hawaii Kerrich 1967 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 147
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Page 94 and 95: Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Page 116 and 117: Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
Page 120 and 121: Table 4.7.3 (contÕd) Natural enemi
Page 122 and 123: Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
Page 124 and 125: Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
Page 139 and 140: 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
Page 141 and 142: Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
Page 143: Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
Page 147 and 148: Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
Page 149 and 150: Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
Page 151 and 152: 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
Page 153 and 154: TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
Page 155 and 156: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
Page 157 and 158: Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
Page 159 and 160: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
Page 161 and 162: Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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Page 171 and 172: Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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Page 177 and 178: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
Page 179 and 180: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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Page 188 and 189: Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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Table 4.12.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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Table 4.13.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Table 4.13.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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478 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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