Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. The distribution and ecology of pentatomid pests of soybeans in South Carolina. Ph.D. dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (from Orr et al. 1986). Jones, W.A. 1988. World review of the parasitoids of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 262Ð273. Jones, W.A., Young, S.Y., Shepard, M. & Whitcomb, W.H. 1983b. Use of imported natural enemies against insect pests of soybean, In: H. Pitre, ed., Natural enemies of arthropod pests in soybean. Southern Cooperative Services Bulletin 285 (from Jones 1988). 63Ð77 Jong, P.W. de and Alphen, J.J.M. van 1988. Host size selection by Leptomastix dactylopii Howard, a parasitoid of Planococcus citri (Risso): a functional interpretation. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent 53: 1079Ð1096. Jong, P.W. de and Alphen, J.J.M. van 1989. Host size selection and sex allocation in Leptomastix, a parasitoid of Planococcus citri. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 50: 161Ð169. Joshi, F.L. and Sharma, J.C. 1974. New record of a braconid, Apanteles plutellae Kurdj., parasitising the larvae of Plutella xylostella L. and Trichoplusia ni Hb. in Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Entomology 36: 160. Jowyk, E.A. and Smilowitz, Z. 1978. A comparison of growth and developmental rates of the parasite Hyposoter exiguae reared from two instars of its host, Trichoplusia ni. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 71: 467Ð472. Kaiser, W.J. and Vakili, N.G. 1978. Insect transmission of pathogenic xanthomonads to bean and cowpea in Puerto Rico. Phytopathology 68: 1057Ð1063. Kalshoven, L.G.E. 1981. The Pests of Crops in Indonesia. Revised and translated by P.A. Van der Laan and G.H.L. Rothschild. P.T. Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoese, Jakarta, Indonesia, 701pp. Kamal, M. 1937. The cotton green bug, Nezara viridula L. and its important egg parasite, Microphanurus megacephalus (Ashmead). Bulletin de la SociŽtŽ Entomologique d'Egypte 21: 175Ð207. Kamburov, S.S. 1986. New pests and beneficial insects on citrus in South Africa. Part 1. Citrus Journal, April, pp. 7, 9 (from De Villiers 1994). Kamijo, K. 1976. Notes on Ashmead's and Crawford's types of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Japan. Kontyu (Tokyo) 44: 482Ð495. Kamijo, K. 1990. Notes on Pleurotroppopsis (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) and its allied genera, with descriptions of four new species from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 58: 816Ð826.
404 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Kamijo, K. 1991. Two species of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) new to Japan. Akitu, New series, 125: 14. Kanika, K.J., Iperti, G. and Brun, J. 1993. Study of food consumption of Exochomus flaviventris (Col, Coccinellidae), predator of Phenacoccus manihoti (Hom: Pseudococcidae). Entomophaga 38: 291Ð298. Kawada, K. 1972. Artificial rearing of aphids on a chemically defined synthetic diet. 2. Continuous rearing of Aphis craccivora Koch (in Japanese). Nogaku Kenkyu 54: 101Ð106. Kawauchi, S.E. 1987. Effects of prey density on the consumption, development and survival of Scymnus hoffmanni (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). (in Japanese, English summary). Kurume University Journal 36: 151Ð155 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 77: 3759, 1989). Kay, I.R. and Brown, J.D. 1991. Insects associated with kenaf in Queensland. Australian Entomological Magazine 18: 75Ð82. Ke, C. 1987. A brief review of citrus huanglungbin research in China. Workshop on citrus greening disease. Fuzhou, December 6Ð12, 1987. Reviews and Abstracts. 4pp. Ke, C. 1991. The present status of citrus huanglungbin and its control in China. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Pacific Workshop on Integrated Citrus Health Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24Ð30 June 1991. 10Ð14. Kelly, G.L. 1987. Factors affecting the success of Trissolcus basalis as a biological agent of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, NSW, 329pp. Kelly, T.J. and Coudron 1990. Total and specific ecdysteroids in the haemolymph of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasite, Euplectrus plathypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 36: 463Ð470. Kenten, R.H. and Woods, R.D. 1976. A virus of the cocoa swollen shoot group infesting cocoa in North Sumatra. PANS 22: 488Ð490. Kerns, D.L. and Gaylor, M.J. 1993. Biotic control of cotton aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in cotton influenced by two insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 86: 1824Ð1834. Kerrich, G.J. 1953. Report on Encyrtidae associated with mealybugs on cacao in Trinidad and some other species related thereto. Bulletin of Entomological Research 44: 789Ð810. Kerrich, G.J. 1967. On the classification of the Anagyrine Encyrtidae, with a revision of some of the genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bulletin, British Museum of Natural History. Entomology 20 No 5: 143Ð250.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
Page 328 and 329: References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
Page 330 and 331: References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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