Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.4.1 Parasitoids of Aphis gossypii Country Reference HYMENOPTERA APHELINIDAE Aphelinus abdominalis China Shi 1980 (= Aphelinus sp. nr flavipes) Guam Fulmek 1956 India Ramaseshiah & Dharmadhikari 1969 (= Aphelinus flavipes) Shanghai Shi 1980 Aphelinus asychis Italy Ferrari & Nicoli 1994 Aphelinus chaoniae Italy Ferrari & Nicoli 1994 Aphelinus gossypii (= Aphelinus kashmiriensis) Australia Carver et al. 1993 Cook Is Walker & Deitz 1979 Hawaii Timberlake 1924; Yoshimoto 1965 India Bhat 1987 Japan Takada & Tokomaku 1996 Tonga Carver et al. 1993; Stechmann & Všlkl 1988 Aphelinus humilis Australia M. Carver pers. comm. Aphelinus mali China Shi 1985 India Ramaseshiah & Dharmadhikari 1969 Senegal Risbec 1951; Fulmek 1956 Shanghai Shi 1980 Taiwan Takada 1992 Trinidad Bennett 1985 Aphelinus paramali Israel Zehavi & Rosen 1988 Aphelinus semiflavus USA Hartley 1922; Spencer 1926; Oatman et al. 1983b; Trumble & Oatman 1984 Aphelinus varipes (= A. nigritus) Transcaucusus Fulmek 1956 USA Wharton 1983 50 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA APHELINIDAE (contÕd) Aphelinus sp. 2 ´ spp. APHIDIIDAE * Aphidius colemani Aphidius ervi Aphidius floridaensis Parasitoids of Aphis gossypii Country Reference Colombia India Japan Angola Argentina Australia Chile China Egypt India Japan Kenya Mozambique Pakistan RŽunion Tonga Uruguay Venezuela Morocco Uzbekistan USA, West Indies Starù 1967a,b Ramirez & Zuluaga 1995 Ramaseshiah & Dharmadhikari 1969 Takada 1992 Starù & van Harten 1972 Starù 1967a, 1972 Carver & Starù 1974; Room & Wardhaugh 1977 Prado 1991, Starù 1975 Xi & Zhu 1984 Selim et al. 1987 Starù 1972; Agarwala et al. 1981 Starù 1967a Starù & Schmutterer 1973 Starù & van Harten 1972 Starù 1975 Starù 1975 Carver et al. 1993 Starù 1975 Cermeli 1989 Fulmek 1956 Starù 1979 4.4 Aphis gossypii 51
Page 1 and 2: Biological Control of Insect Pests:
Page 3 and 4: ii The Australian Centre for Intern
Page 5 and 6: iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
Page 7 and 8: vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
Page 9 and 10: 1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
Page 11 and 12: 3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
Page 15: Introduction 7 necessary those used
Page 18 and 19: 10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
Page 20 and 21: Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
Page 28 and 29: Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
Page 30 and 31: Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
Page 32 and 33: Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
Page 34 and 35: Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
Page 41 and 42: Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
Page 43 and 44: 4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
Page 45 and 46: Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
Page 47: 4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
Page 53 and 54: Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
Page 55 and 56: Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
Page 57 and 58: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
Page 59 and 60: Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
Page 61 and 62: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
Page 63 and 64: IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
Page 65 and 66: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
Page 67 and 68: USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
Page 69 and 70: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
Page 71 and 72: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
Page 73 and 74: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
Page 75 and 76: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
Page 77 and 78: Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
Page 79 and 80: 4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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Page 88 and 89: Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
Page 96 and 97: Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.3 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.1 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
Page 326 and 327:
References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
Page 332 and 333:
References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
Page 334 and 335:
References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
Page 340 and 341:
References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381:
References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383:
References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
Page 406 and 407:
References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
Page 412 and 413:
References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
Page 416 and 417:
References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
Page 418 and 419:
References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
Page 420 and 421:
References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
Page 422 and 423:
References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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