Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid HYMENOPTERA Geographic range Known host relations Selected references SCELIONIDAE (contÕd) Telenomus cyrus Java, Philippines, Taiwan Descr. ex N. viridula; host relations unknown Nixon 1936; Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute 1984; Jones 1988 Telenomus gifuensis East Asia Pentatomidae, Coreidae; not well adapted to N. viridula Hidaka 1958; Hokyo & Kiritani 1963 Telenomus mormideae South America Attacks N. viridula and other pentatomids Ferreira 1986; Liljestršm & Bernstein 1990 Telenomus pacificus Philippines Cadapan & Alba 1987 Telenomus podisi North and South America Pentatomidae; not well adapted to N. viridula Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; Correa & Moscardi 1995; Orr et al. 1985a, 1986 Telenomus seychellensis East Africa Attacks other spp.; may be common on N. viridula Nixon 1935; Croix & Thindwa 1986 Telenomus sp. Argentina Vietnam Minor attack on N. viridula eggs Liljestršm & Bernstein 1990 van Lam 1996 Trissolcus aloysiisabaudiae East Africa Reportedly common on N. viridula in cotton Fouts 1930; Chiaromonte 1931; Paoli 1933 Trissolcus basalis N. & S. America, S. Europe, Africa, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji Most important parasitoid of N. viridula outside central Africa and eastern Asia Miller 1928; Kamal 1937; Lever 1941; Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; Ferreira 1980; Orr et al. 1986; Colazza & Bin 1995 Trissolcus brochymenae N. and S. America Recorded ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Johnson 1984b 206 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects
Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (modified after Jones 1988) Parasitoid HYMENOPTERA Geographic range Known host relations Selected references SCELIONIDAE (contÕd) Trissolcus crypticus Pakistan ex Plautia crossota and Acrosternum gramineum; bred Clarke 1993a readily in N. viridula in lab. in Australia and Hawaii Trissolcus euschisti California ex N. viridula and other pentatomids Hoffmann et al. 1991 Trissolcus hullensis North America, Venezuela Recorded ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Johnson 1985 Trissolcus lepelleyi Central Africa Descr. ex N. viridula, an apparently common host Nixon 1936; Le Pelley 1979 Trissolcus lodosi Turkey Descr. ex N. viridula; nothing else known Szab— 1981 Trissolcus maro Southern Africa N. viridula is only known host Nixon 1935; Croix & Thindwa 1986 Trissolcus mitsukurii Japan Important parasitoid of N. viridula in Japan Kiritani & Hokyo 1962; Hokyo & Kiritani 1963 Trissolcus oenone Australia Johnson 1991 Trissolcus ogyges Australia one recent record Seymour & Sands 1993 Trissolcus rudus Vietnam van Lam 1996 Trissolcus scuticarinatus South America One record ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Ferreira 1986 Trissolcus sipius East Africa Descr. ex N. viridula but not reported since Nixon 1936 Trissolcus solocis Florida, Mexico Recorded ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Buschman & Whitcomb 1980; Johnson 1985 Trissolcus thyantae Eastern N. America Recorded ex N. viridula; attacks other pentatomids Johnson 1985 Trissolcus urichi Brazil Ferreira & Moscardi 1995 Trissolcus utahensis California ex N. viridula and other pentatomids Hoffmann et al. 1991 Trissolcus sp. Taiwan India Recorded ex N. viridula; host relations unknown Recorded ex N. viridula Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute 1984; Nath & Dutta 1994 4.12 Nezara viridula 207
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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Page 155 and 156: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
Page 157 and 158: Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
Page 159 and 160: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
Page 161 and 162: Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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Page 179 and 180: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
Page 181: 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Page 186 and 187: Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
Page 188 and 189: Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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Page 225 and 226: THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
Page 227 and 228: 4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
Page 229 and 230: 4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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Page 233 and 234: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
Page 235 and 236: Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Page 243 and 244: EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
Page 245 and 246: 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
Page 247 and 248: Attempts at biological control 4.13
Page 249 and 250: The more important parasitoids 4.13
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Page 253: Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Table 4.15.4 (contÕd) Introduction
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
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References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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References 429 Oncuer, C. and Bayha
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References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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References 433 Pe-a, J.E., Gilbin-D
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References 435 Prinsloo, G.L. 1985.
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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat
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References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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References 441 Saha, J.L. and Agarw
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References 443 Schlinger, E.I. and
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References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
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References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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References 453 Starù, P. and Ghosh
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References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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References 457 Swezey, O.H. 1931. R
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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979.
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References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 465 van Steenis, M.J. 19
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References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
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References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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