Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 437 Reddy, K.B. and Bhat, P.K. 1993. Effect of seasonal augmentation of Leptomastix dactylopii How. on Planococcus citri (Risso) population. Journal of Coffee Research 23: 15Ð18. Reddy, K.B., Prakasan, C.B., Bhat, P.K. and Kumar, A.C. 1992. Establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in Karnataka for control of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hom: Pseudococcidae) of coffee. Journal of Coffee Research 22: 37Ð44. Reddy, K.B., Prakasan, C.B., Kumar, A.C. and Bhat, P.K. 1988. Colonisation and establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. on an estate in Upper Girio, Chikmagalur. Journal of Coffee Research 18: 73Ð77. Reddy, K.B., Sreedharan, K. and Bhat, P.K. 1991. Effect of rate of prey, Planococcus citri (Risso) on the fecundity of the mealybug predator, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant. Journal of Coffee Research 21: 149Ð150. Reddy, K.V.S. 1988. Some biological observations on the banana weevil in Western Kenya. In: Nematodes and the borer weevil in bananas. Present status of research and outlook. Proceedings of a workshop held in Bujumbura, Burundi, 7Ð11 December 1987. p 86. Reed, T., Shepard, M. and Turnipseed, S.G. 1984. Assessment of the impact of arthropod predators on noctuid larvae in cages in soybean fields. Environmental Entomology 13: 954Ð961. Reid, J.C. 1983. Distribution of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) within Jamaica, following its discovery in 1978. Tropical Pest Management 29: 224Ð230. Reid, J.C. and Mansingh, A. 1985. Economic losses due to Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. during processing of coffee berries in Jamaica. Tropical Pest Management 31: 55Ð59. Reid, W.J. and Cuthbert, F.P. 1957. Control of caterpillars on commercial cabbage and other cole crops in the south. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farmers Bulletin 2099, 24pp. Reyes, A.I.C., Bustillo, P.A.E. and Chaves, C.B. 1995. Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the coffee berry borer parasitoid Cephalonomia stephanoderis (in Spanish, English summary). Revista Colombiana de Entomologia 21: 199Ð204. Rhodes, L.F. and Mansingh, A. 1981. Susceptibility of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari to various insecticidal formulations. Insect Science and its Application 2: 227Ð231.
438 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Richman, D.B. 1977. Predation on the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), by Stiretrus anchorago (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Florida Entomologist 60: 192. Richman, D.B. and Whitcomb, W.H. 1978. Comparative life cycles of four species of predatory stink bugs. Florida Entomologist 61: 113Ð119. Riek, E.F. 1962. A new encyrtid genus parasitic on bug eggs. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 87: 151Ð155. Riley, C.V. 1883. The cabbage looper Plusia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). U.S. Department of Agriculture. Annual Report, Committee on Agriculture 1883: 119Ð122. Ripa, R. and Rojas, S. 1989. Biological control of agricultural pests of Easter Island. In: Abstracts. International Symposium on Biological Control Implementation, 4Ð6 April, McAllen, Texas. p 110. Ripa, S.R., Rojas, P.S. and Velasco, G. 1995. Releases of biological control agents of insect pests on Easter Island (Pacific Ocean). Entomophaga 40: 427Ð440. Risbec, J. 1950. Les insectes nuisibles aux MalvacŽes. pp. 178Ð208 in La faune entomologique des cultures au Senegal et au Soudan Fran ais. Gouv. Gen. FAO. 499pp. (from Deguine 1991). Risbec, J. 1951. Les Chalcidoides d'A.O.F. MŽmoires de l'Institute Fran ais d'Afrique Noire 13: 7Ð409. Risso, P.A. 1813. Sur l'histoire naturelle des orangers, bigaradiers, limettiers cŽdratiers, limonieis ou citroniers, cultivŽs dans le dŽpartiment des Alpes-Maritimes. Annales du MusŽum National d'Histoire Naturelle 20: 401Ð431. Rivnay, E. 1960. Notes on parasites of Planococcus citri Risso in Israel. Ktavin 20: 223Ð224. Rivnay, E. 1968. Biological control of pests in Israel (a review 1905Ð1965). Israel Journal of Entomology 3: 1Ð156. Rivnay, E. and Perzelan, J. 1943. Insects associated with Pseudococcus spp. (Homoptera) in Palestine, with notes on their biology and economic status. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 6: 9Ð28. Roberti, D. 1946. La Phenobremia aphidimyza (Rond.) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) predatrice di Aphis (Doralis) frangulae Koch. Bolletino Instituto Entomologia Universite di Bologna 15: 233Ð256. Robertson, I.A.D. 1973. Notes on the insect parasites of some lepidopteran pests in Tanzania. East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 39: 82Ð93. Roche, R. and Abreu, S. 1983. Control del picudo negro del pl‡tano (Cosmopolites sordidus) por la hormiga Tetramorium guineense. Ciencias de la Agricultura 17: 41Ð49.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
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Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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Page 406 and 407: References 431 Panis, A. 1977. Pseu
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Page 414 and 415: References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
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Page 430 and 431: References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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Page 434 and 435: References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sar
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Page 438 and 439: References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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Page 444 and 445: References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
Page 448 and 449: References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
Page 450: References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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