Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 459 Tewari, G.C. and Sardana, H.R. 1987a. An unusual heavy parasitisation of the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen, by a new braconid parasite. Indian Journal of Entomology 52: 338Ð341. Tewari, G.C. and Sardana, H.R. 1987b. Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) - a new parasite of Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Entomon 12: 227Ð228. Tewari, G.C. and Singh, S.J. 1987. New record of a baculovirus disease in Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. Current Science 56: 671Ð672. Thomas, R.T.S. 1961. Coffee pests in Netherlands New Guinea Bulletin of Economic Affairs, Netherlands New Guinea (Agriculture Series) 2: 19Ð24 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 50: 75Ð76, 1962). Thomas, V. 1966. Studies on life-history and biology of Dysdercus cingulatus F. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) a pest of malvaceous crops in Malaysia. Malaysia Agricultural Journal 45: 417Ð428. Thompson, S.N. 1980. Artificial culture techniques for rearing larvae of the chalcidoid parasite, Brachymeria intermedia. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 2: 133Ð143. Thompson, S.N. 1982. Effects of parasitization by the insect parasite Hyposoter exiguae on the growth, development and physiology of its host Trichoplusia ni. Parasitology 84: 491Ð510. Thompson, S.N. 1983a. Biochemical and physiological effects of metazoan parasites on their host species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, B, 74: 183Ð211. Thompson, S.N. 1983b. Larval growth of the insect parasite Brachymeria lasus reared in vitro. Journal of Parasitology 69: 425Ð427. Thompson, S.N. 1986. Effect of the insect parasite Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) on the carbohydrate metabolism of its host, Trichoplusia ni (HŸbner). Journal of Insect Physiology 32: 287Ð293. Thompson, W.R. 1915. Sur les caract res anatomiques et ethologiques des tachinairaes du genre Plagia Meig. Comptes Rendus de la SociŽtŽ Biologique 78: 671Ð674. Thompson, W.R. (ed.) 1944. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 1, Parasite Host Catalogue. Part 3. Parasites of the Hemiptera. Imperial Parasite Service, Belleville, Ontario, Canada. Imperial Agricultural Bureaux. Thompson, W.R. (ed.) 1946. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 1 Parasite Host Catalogue. Part 7 Parasites of the Lepidoptera (G-M) 385pp. Institute of Entomology, Imperial Agricultural Bureaux. Belleville, Ontario, Canada. Thompson, W.R. (ed.) 1953. A catalogue of the parasites and predators of insect pests. Section 2 (part 2): 190.
460 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Tian, L.X., Yang, L.F. and Gao, S.G. 1981. A preliminary study on aphid parasites in cotton fields (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) (in Chinese). Insect Knowledge 18: 158Ð160 (Review of Applied Entomology, Series A, 72: 4759, 1984). Tiberi, R., Niccoli, A., Roversi, P.F. and Sacchetti, P. 1991. Laboratory rearing of Ooencyrtus pityocampae (Mercet) on eggs of Nezara viridula (L.) and other pentatomids. Redia 74: 3 Appendix 467Ð469. Ticheler, J.H.G. 1961. An analytic study of the epidemiology of the coffee-berry borer, Stephanoderes hampei Ferr., in the Ivory Coast. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen 61: 1Ð49 (Review of Applied Entomology Series A, 51: 434). Timberlake, P.H. 1924. Descriptions of new chalcid flies from Hawaii and Mexico (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5: 395Ð417. Timberlake, P.H. 1927. Biological control of insect pests on the Hawaiian islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 6: 529Ð556. Tingle, C.C.D. and Copland, M.J.W. 1988. Effects of temperature and host plant on regulation of glasshouse mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) populations by introduced parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 78: 135Ð142. Tingle, C.C.D. and Copland, M.J.W. 1989. Progeny production and adult longevity of the mealybug parasitoids Anagyrus pseudococci, Leptomastix dactylopii and Leptomastix abnormis (Hym.: Encyrtidae) in relation to temperature. Entomophaga 34: 111Ð120. Tipon, H.T. 1979. Seed borer in mango. Paper presented at the 2nd National Fruit Crop Symposium. December 12Ð14, 1979, Cebu City, Philippines. Titmarsh, I.J. 1979. Egg parasites of the green vegetable bug, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) in southeast Queensland. Working Papers 7: 22Ð24. Australian Applied Entomological Research Conference, Queensland Agricultural College, Lawes, June 1979. Todd, J.W. 1989. Ecology and behaviour of Nezara viridula. Annual Review of Entomology 34: 273Ð292. Todd, J.W. and Lewis, W.J. 1976. Incidence and oviposition patterns of Trichopoda pennipes (F.), a parasite of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Journal of the Gainsville Entomological Society 11: 50Ð54. Tough, D. 1975. Citrus leaf miner on the advance. Agricultural Gazette, New South Wales, 86(1): 15.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
Page 384 and 385: References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
Page 398 and 399: References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
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Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
Page 422 and 423: References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
Page 424 and 425: References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
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Page 446 and 447: References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. N
Page 448 and 449: References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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