Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and Becker, M. 1986a. Mortality of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the egg stage in a soybean field: I Ð all causes of mortality (in Portuguese, English summary). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 15: 271Ð290. Moreira, G.R.P. and Becker, M. 1986b. Mortality of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the egg stage in a soybean field: II Ð parasitoids (in Portuguese, English summary). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 15: 291Ð308. Moreira, G.R.P. and Becker, M. 1986c. Mortality of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the egg stage in a soybean field: III Ð predators (in Portuguese, English summary). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 15: 309Ð325. Moreira, G.R.P. and Becker, M. 1987. Pre-emergence mortality of egg parasitoids of Nezara viridula (Linnaeus 1758) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in soybean crops (in Portuguese, English summary). Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 16: 297Ð313. Morley, C. and Rait-Smith, W. 1933. The hymenopterous parasites of the British Lepidoptera. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 81: 133Ð183. Moulds, M.S. 1981. Larval food plants of hawk moths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) affecting commercial crops in Australia. General and Applied Entomology 13: 69Ð80. Moutia, A. 1932. Entomological Division A. Report, Department of Agriculture, Mauritius 1931 (from Spencer 1973). Moutia, L.A. and Mamet, R. 1946. Review of twenty-five years of economic entomology in the island of Mauritius. Bulletin of Entomological Research 36: 439Ð472. Muesebeck, C.F.W. 1933. Seven new species of reared Braconidae (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 35: 195Ð200. Muesebeck, C.F.W. and Krombein, K.V. 1951. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalog. US Department of Agriculture Monograph 2, 1420pp. Muma, M.H. 1954. Lady beetle predators of citrus mealybugs. Citrus Magazine, April 1954: 16Ð17. Mundiwale, S.K., Radke, S.G. and Borle, M.N. 1978. Natural control of Heliothis armigera Hub. and Anomis flava Fab. on cotton by nematodes (mermithids). Indian Journal of Entomology 40: 101. Murai, M. 1974. Studies on the interference among larvae of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae). Researches on Population Ecology 16: 80Ð111.
424 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Murphy, S.T. and Moore, D. 1990. Biological control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): previous programmes and possibilities for the future. Biocontrol News and Information 11: 107Ð117. Murphy, S.T. and Rangi, D.K. 1991. The use of the African wasp, Prorops nasuta for the control of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei in Mexico and Ecuador: the introduction programme. Insect Science and its Application 12: 27Ð34. Murray, D.A.H. 1978. Population studies of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and its natural enemies on passionfruit in southwestern Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 35: 139Ð142. Murray, D.A.H. 1982. Effects of sticky banding of custard apple tree trunks on ants and citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Pseudococcidae (Hem.)) in southeast Queensland. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 39: 141Ð146. Myartzeva, S.N. and Trijapitzyin, A. 1978. Aphidencyrtus diaphorine (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasite reared from Diaphorina citri in Vietnam (in Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 57: 793Ð794. Myers, J.G. 1931. A preliminary report on an investigation into the biological control of West Indian insect pests. Empire Marketing Board 42: 627Ð628. Nafus, D. and Schreiner, I. 1986. Intercropping maize and sweet potatoes. Effects on parasitization of Ostrinia furnacalis eggs by Trichogramma chilonis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 15: 201Ð208. Nagarkatti, S. 1973. A note on egg parasitisation of Agrius convolvuli (L.) in Karnataka. Technical Bulletin of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control 16: 23Ð27. Nagarkatti, S. and Nagaraja, H. 1978. Experimental comparison of laboratory-reared versus wild-type Trichogramma confusum (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae). I. Fertility, fecundity and longevity. Entomophaga 23: 129Ð136. Nagarkatti, S., Singh, S.P., Jayanth, K.P. and Bhummannavar, B.S. 1992. Introduction and establishment of Leptomastix dactylopii How. against Planococcus spp. in India. Indian Journal of Plant Protection 20: 102Ð104. Nahif, A.A., Kšppenhofer, A. and Madel, G. 1994. Morphology, biology and importance of Cosmopolites sordidus, Germar 1824 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zeitschrift fŸr Angewandte Zoologie 80: 435Ð447. Nair, K.R. 1967. Leucinodes orbonalis Guen (Lepido: Pyralidae) as a serious pest of potato plants in Mysore. Indian Journal of Entomology 29: 96Ð97. Nair, M.R.G.K. 1975. Insects and Mites of Crops in India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. p. 242.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
Page 348 and 349: References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
Page 350 and 351: References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
Page 352 and 353: References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
Page 354 and 355: References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
Page 356 and 357: References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
Page 358 and 359: References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
Page 360 and 361: References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
Page 362 and 363: References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
Page 364 and 365: References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
Page 366 and 367: References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
Page 368 and 369: References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
Page 370 and 371: References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
Page 372 and 373: References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
Page 374 and 375: References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
Page 376 and 377: References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
Page 378 and 379: References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
Page 380 and 381: References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
Page 382 and 383: References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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Page 386 and 387: References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
Page 390 and 391: References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
Page 392 and 393: References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
Page 394 and 395: References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
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Page 414 and 415: References 439 Roepke, W. 1912. On
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Page 438 and 439: References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
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References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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