Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 471 Wilson, C.G. 1991. Notes on Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) attacking four citrus varieties in Darwin. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 30: 77Ð78. Wilson, F. 1960. A review of the biological control of insects and weeds in Australia and Australian New Guinea. Technical Communication 1. 102pp. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Wilson, F. 1961. Adult reproductive behaviour in Asolcus basalis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Australian Journal of Zoology 9: 737Ð751. Wilson, L.T. and Gutierrez, A.P. 1980. Within plant distribution of predators on cotton: comments on sampling and predator efficiences. Hilgardia 48: 3Ð11. Wongsiri, N. 1991. List of Insect, Mite and other Zoological Pests of Economic Plants in Thailand. Entomology and Zoology Division, Department of Agriculture, Thailand, p. 81. Woo, T.C. and Hsiang, C.H. 1939. Studies on the cotton measuring worm Anomis flava (Lepidoptera) (in Chinese, English summary). Technical Bulletin Szechwan Province Agricultural Improvement Institute No. 1, 23pp. Wood, S.L. 1982. The Bark and Ambrosia Beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a Taxonomic Monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs Number 6. Brigham Young University. 1359pp. Wooler, A., Padgham, D. and Arafat, A. 1974. Diaphorina citri on citrus in Saudi Arabia. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 22: 93Ð94. Wright, W.E. 1976. Banana weevil borer. Department of Agriculture New South Wales. Entomology Branch. Insect Pest Bulletin 34. 6pp. Wu, K.C. and Tao, C.C. 1977. Comparative study of spraying and painting insecticides against citrus leaf miner Phyllocnistis citrella (Phyllocnistidae, Lepidoptera) (in Chinese). Journal of Agricultural Research, China (Taipei) 26: 155Ð168. Wu, Q.L. 1986. Investigation on the fluctuations of dominant natural enemy populations in different cotton habitats and integrated application with biological agents to control cotton pests (in Chinese, English summary). Natural Enemies of Insects 1: 29Ð34 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 76: 1206, 1988). Wu, T.K. 1995. Integrated control of Pyllocnistis citrella, Panonychus citri and Phyllocoptruta oleivora with periodic releases of Mallada basalis and pesticide applications (in Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Entomology 15: 113Ð123. Wu, Y., Li, Y.P. and Jiang, D.Z. 1981. Integrated control of cotton pests in Nanyang region (in Chinese, English summary). Acta Entomologica Sinica 24: 34Ð41. Wu, Z.Q. 1983. Identification of parasitised larval bodies of lepidopterous insects in sweet potato fields (in Chinese). Journal of Fujian Agricultural College 12: 153Ð157.
472 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Wurth, T. 1922. A 'fire bug' Dindymus rubiginosus, F. preying on the coffee-berry borer. Mededelingen van het Koffiebessenboeboek-Fonds 3: 49Ð52 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 10: 601, 1922). Wyatt, I.J. 1970. The distribution of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) on year-round chrysanthemums. II. Winter season: the effect of parasitism by Aphidius matricariae Hal. Annals of Applied Biology 65: 31Ð42. Xi, X. and Zhu, Z.L. 1984. Preliminary studies on aphid parasites in Jiangsu Province (in Chinese). Natural Enemies of Insects 6: 49Ð52 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 73: 351, 1985). Xia, Y.H., Xu, C.F. and Jingyao. 1987. Population dynamics of D. citri in Fuzhou on Murraya paniculata. Workshop on Citrus Greening Disease. Fuzhou, December 6Ð12, 1987. Reviews and Abstracts. 2pp. Xie, M.Z. 1984. Observations on the parasitic wasps of Anomis flava Fabricius in the fields of bluish dogbane (Apocynum venotum) (In Chinese). Natural Enemies of Insects 6(2): 68Ð70. Xie, P.H., Su, C. and Lin, Z.G. 1988. A preliminary study on an entomogenous fungus (Verticillium lecanii of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hom.: Psyllidae). Chinese Journal of Biological Control 4: 92 (in Chinese). Xie, P.H., Su, C. and Lin, Z.G. 1989a. A study of the cold endurance of the Asian citrus psyllid in Zhejiang. In: B. Aubert, K.E. Chung and C. Gonzales, ed., Proceedings of the 2nd FAO-UNDP Regional Workshop, Lipa, Philippines, Asian/Pacific Citrus Greening. November 20Ð26, 1988. 18Ð22. Xie, P.H., Su,C. and Lin, Z.G. 1989b. A preliminary study on the parasitic fungus of citrus psyllid, Cephalosporium lecanii Zimm. In: B. Aubert, K.E. Chung and C. Gonzales, ed., Proceedings of the 2nd FAO-UNDP Regional Workshop, Lipa, Philippines, Asian/Pacific Citrus Greening. November 20Ð26, 1988, 35Ð38. Xiong, S.L., You, L.S., Zhou, Z.H. and Chen, Z.G. 1994. Studies on the braconid wasp Apanteles anomidis Watanabe, an endoparasite of Anomis flava Fabricius (in Chinese, English summary). Journal of Hunan Agricultural College 20: 57Ð65. Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H. and Ke, C. 1994. A study on the biology and control of the citrus psylla. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica 21: 53Ð56. Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H., Li, K.B. and Ke, C. 1988a. Further study on the transmission of citrus huanglungbin by psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Kuwayama. 10pp. Workshop on Citrus Greening Disease. Fuzhou, December 6Ð12, 1987. Reviews and Abstracts.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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References 411 Lee, S.C., Yoo, J.K.
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References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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References 415 Lo, K.C. and Chiu, S
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References 417 Manjunath, T.M. 1972
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References 419 McCutcheon, G.S. and
Page 396 and 397: References 421 Michael, P.J. 1981.
Page 398 and 399: References 423 Moreira, G.R.P. and
Page 400 and 401: References 425 Nakahara, M. and Kai
Page 402 and 403: References 427 Nixon, G.E.J. 1937.
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Page 420 and 421: References 445 Shi, D.S. 1984. Stud
Page 422 and 423: References 447 Singh, R. and Bhatt,
Page 424 and 425: References 449 Sinha, T.B. and Sing
Page 426 and 427: References 451 Soldevila, A.I. and
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Page 430 and 431: References 455 Steinkraus, D.C., Sl
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Page 438 and 439: References 463 Ujiye, T. 1990. Stud
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Page 442 and 443: References 467 Vinson, S.B. and Sto
Page 444 and 445: References 469 Waterston, J. 1915.
Page 448 and 449: References 473 Xu, C.F., Xia, Y.H.,
Page 450: References 475 Zhang, X.L. 1987. Pr
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