Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects - EcoPort

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References 461 Tranfaglia, A. 1979. Consideration of the morphological affinities between Planococcus citri (Risso) and Planococcus ficus (Signoret). Homoptera: Coccoidea. (in Italian, English summary). Atti XI Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia: 91Ð93. Tranfaglia, A. and Viggiani, G. 1973. Biological data on Scymnus includens Kusch (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). (in Italian, English summary). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 30: 9Ð18. Tregubenko, E.S. and Popushoi, I.S. 1987. Large scale laboratory rearing of Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsh. a parasite of aphids. Biological and Chemical Methods of Plant Protection (Chief ed. I.S. Popushoi) 44Ð47. Rotterdam, Netherlands, A.A. Balkema (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 75: 3841, 1987). Tremblay, E. 1964. Ricerche sugli imenotteri parassitic. 1. Studio morfobiologico sul Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). Bolletino Laboratorio Entomologia Agricultura, Portici 22: 1Ð122. Tremblay, E. 1980. Composizione dell'entomofauna parassitica vivente a carico degli Afidi degli Agrumi in Italia (Hymenoptera Ichneumonoidea, Homoptera Aphidoidea). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 37: 209Ð216. Tremblay, E. and Barbagallo, S. 1982. Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cr.), a special case of ecesis in Italy. EC Experts' Meeting, Portico, November 1982: 65Ð68. Tremblay, E., Kawar, N. and Barbagallo, S. 1985. Aphids (Homoptera, Aphidoidea) and aphidiines (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of Lebanon. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 42: 19Ð32. Treverrow, N.L. 1994. Control of the banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus with entomopathogenic nematodes. Paper (11pp.) presented at the workshop on banana nematodes and weevil, April 17Ð22, 1994, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Treverrow, N.L. and Bedding, R.A. 1992. An improved system for the control of the banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus with entomopathogenic nematodes. Proceedings of the XIX International Congress of Entomology, p 3. Treverrow, N.L. and Bedding, R.A. 1993a. Development of a system for the control of the banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus with entomopathogenic nematodes. In: R. Bedding, R. Akhurst and H. Kaya, ed., Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests. CSIRO Australia, Chapter 6: 41Ð47. Treverrow, N.L. and Bedding, R.A. 1993b. Preparations containing entomopathogenic nematodes for biological control of banana weevil. Australian Patent No. 665398.
462 Biological Control of Insect Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects Treverrow, N.L., Bedding, R.A., Dettmann, E.B. and Maddox, C. 1991. Evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes for control of Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, (Coleoptera Curculionidae), a pest of bananas in Australia. Annals of Applied Biology 119: 139Ð145. Trumble, J.T. and Oatman, E.R. 1984. Dispersion analyses and resource utilization of aphid parasitoids in a non-depletable environment. Researches in Population Ecology 26: 124Ð133. Trung, H.M. 1991. Surveys on citrus greening and its control by IPM in Vietnam. Proceedings of the 6th International Asia Pacific Workshop on Integrated Citrus Health Management, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 24Ð30 June 1991, 26Ð35. Tryon, H. 1895. The bean maggot. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Queensland 1892: 1Ð3. Tsai, Y.P., Hwang, M.T. and Wang, H.C. 1984. Diaphorina citri on Murraya paniculata. Plant Protection Bulletin, Taiwan 26: 285Ð287. Tuncyurek, M. 1970. Les cochenilles nuisibles aux citrus en Turquie. Awamia 37: 67Ð80. Turlings, T.C.J., Tumlinson, J.H., Lewis, W.J. and Vet, L.E.M. 1989. Beneficial arthropod behavior mediated by airborne semiochemicals. VIII. Learning of host-related odors induced by a brief contact experience with host by-products in Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), a generalist larval parasitoid. Journal of Insect Behavior 2: 217Ð225. Turner, J.W. 1983. Influence of plant species on the movement of Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)Ña parasite of Nezara viridula L. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 22: 271Ð272. Twine, P.H. and Lloyd, R.J. 1982. Observations on the effect of regular releases of Trichogramma spp. in controlling Heliothis spp. and other insects in cotton. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 39: 159Ð167. Uchida, T. 1924. Some Japanese Ichneumonidae, the hosts of which are known. (in Japanese). Journal of the Sapporo Society of Agriculture and Forestry 16(69): 195Ð256 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 13: 140, 1925). Uchida, T. 1930. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Ichneumonidenfauna der Insel Izu-Ohshima. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society 9(2): 78Ð87 (Review of Applied Entomology (A) 18: 456, 1930). Ujiye, T. 1988. Parasitoid complex of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Phyllocnistidae) in several citrus-growing districts of Japan. (in Japanese, English summary). Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu 34: 180Ð183.
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Biological Control of Insect Pests:
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ii The Australian Centre for Intern
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iv 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Natural enem
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vi 4.14 4.15 4.16 Phyllocnistis cit
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1 Abstract Introduction 1 Biologica
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3 Introduction Introduction 3 Water
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Figure 1. Introduction 5 integratio
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Introduction 7 necessary those used
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10 Biological Control of Insect Pes
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Table 4.1.1 Natural enemies of Agri
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Table 4.2.1 Average figures (days)
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Table 4.2.2 Natural enemies of Anom
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Table 4.2.2 (contÕd) Natural enemi
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Table 3 Order No. of +s 26 1. 41 2.
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4.4 Aphis gossypii India Myanmar ++
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Host plants Damage 4.4 Aphis gossyp
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4.4 Aphis gossypii the abundance of
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) HYMENOPTERA A
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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Table 4.4.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids o
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 59 Under humid c
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Table 4.4.3 Releases for the biolog
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 63 that the lyco
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IRAQ ISRAEL 4.4 Aphis gossypii 65 d
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 67 Lysiphlebus t
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USA USSR 4.4 Aphis gossypii 69 Lysi
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 71 the posterior
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 73 Aphidius cole
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 75 Ephedrus plag
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 77 as attacking
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Diptera 4.4 Aphis gossypii 79 insta
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 81 probing) of s
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4.4 Aphis gossypii 83 open fields w
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Table 4.5.1 Insect predators of Cos
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Table 4.5.1 (contÕd) Insect predat
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Table 4.5.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.5.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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100 Biological Control of Insect Pe
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Table 4.7.2 (contÕd) Diaphorina ci
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Table 4.7.4 (contÕd) Hyperparasito
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Table 4.7.5 (contÕd) Hyperparsitoi
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes India 20°
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Biology 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 14
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Natural enemies 4.9 Dysmicoccus bre
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Table 4.9.2 Introductions for the b
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Table 4.9.2 (contÕd) Introductions
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4.9 Dysmicoccus brevipes 153 INDONE
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TRINIDAD USA 4.9 Dysmicoccus brevip
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei India 20°
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Biology 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 15
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 161 tissue
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Host plants 4.10 Hypothenemus hampe
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 165 the en
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 167 remain
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Table 4.10.1 (contÕd) Natural enem
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Asia 4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 171 C
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Table 4.10.2 (contÕd) Introduction
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 175 relati
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 177 to 30%
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 179 P. nas
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 181 Planta
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4.10 Hypothenemus hampei 183 Asian
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Table 4.11.1 Development times, and
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Table 4.11.2 Natural enemies of Leu
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4.12 Nezara viridula India Myanmar
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Biology Damage 4.12 Nezara viridula
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4.12 Nezara viridula 201 which cons
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Table 4.12.1 (contÕd) Parasitoids
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4.12 Nezara viridula 209 attracted
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Table 4.12.2 Introductions for the
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4.12 Nezara viridula 217 Doubt has
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4.12 Nezara viridula 219 Africa and
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BRAZIL 4.12 Nezara viridula 221 par
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4.12 Nezara viridula 223 parasitisa
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4.12 Nezara viridula 225 Anastatus
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THAILAND TONGA USA VANUATU 4.12 Nez
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4.12 Nezara viridula 229 Gryon sp.
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4.12 Nezara viridula 231 reproducti
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4.12 Nezara viridula 233 Ectophasio
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli India Myanm
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Biology Host plants 4.13 Ophiomyia
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Natural enemies 4.13 Ophiomyia phas
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EGYPT ETHIOPIA 4.13 Ophiomyia phase
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 247 Three a
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Attempts at biological control 4.13
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The more important parasitoids 4.13
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4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 253 its hos
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Comment 4.13 Ophiomyia phaseoli 255
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The Major Invertebrate Pests and We
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4.15 Planococcus citri India 20° M
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Biology Host plants 4.15 Planococcu
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Table 4.15.1 Predators of Planococc
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.1 (contÕd) Predators of
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Table 4.15.2 Parasitoids of Planoco
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4.15 Planococcus citri 299 The ency
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BRAZIL CHILE CHINA CUBA CYPRUS FRAN
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ISRAEL 4.15 Planococcus citri 303 R
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4.15 Planococcus citri 305 When the
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Table 4.15.4 Introductions for the
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Biology of important natural enemie
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4.15 Planococcus citri 313 Diomus p
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Comments 4.15 Planococcus citri 315
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni India 20° Mya
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Host plants 4.16 Trichoplusia ni 31
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 321 describing
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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Table 4.16.2 (contÕd) Some predato
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 335 Introducti
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 337 Table 4.16
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Table 4.16.6 Natural enemies of Tri
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 341 It was sug
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 343 13.85 days
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 345 Voria rura
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4.16 Trichoplusia ni 347 when 2nd o
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5 References 349 Abasa, R.O. 1975.
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References 351 Alfaro, F., Garcia-M
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References 353 Argyriou, L.C. 1970.
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References 355 Ayoub, M.A. 1960. Ph
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References 357 Barrera, J.F., Gomez
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References 359 Beattie, G.A.C. and
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References 361 Berkani, A. 1995. Re
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References 363 Boling, J.C. and Pit
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References 365 Brun, L.O., Marcilla
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References 367 Cantrell, B.K. 1984.
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References 369 Cenda-a, S.M., Gabri
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References 371 Chien, C.C., Chu, Y.
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References 373 CIE 1985. Distributi
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References 375 Compere, H. 1939. Me
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References 377 Crouzel, I.S. and Sa
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References 379 De Oliveira Filho, M
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References 381 Ding, Y., Li, M. and
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References 383 Elliott, N.C., Frenc
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References 385 Ferreira, A.J. and B
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References 387 Foerster, L.A., Quei
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References 389 Garcia, A. and Barri
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References 391 Godin, C. and Boivin
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References 393 Guido, A.S. and Ruff
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References 395 Hayat, M. and Lin, K
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References 397 Hofmaster, R.N. 1961
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References 399 Huo, S.T., Wei, Z.G.
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References 401 Jackson, C.G., Neema
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References 403 Jones, W.A. 1979. Th
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References 405 Kester, K.M., Smith,
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References 407 Komazaki, S. 1993. B
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References 409 Kushida, T., Katagir
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Page 388 and 389: References 413 Liljesthršm, G.G. 1
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