Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Details of Late Late Woodland Sites in the Central Ohio Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.2 Resource Usage Documented at Sites in Sample. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3 Radiocarbon Dates for Selected Sites Mentioned in Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26–29 3.1 Intra- and Intercomponent Distances (meters) at Fort Hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.2 Descriptive Statistics for Floor Area (square meters) of Dwellings at Fort Hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.3 Descriptive Statistics for Intracomponent Distances (meters) Between Dwellings at Fort Hill. . . . . . 63 4.1 Available Cultigen Data for the Western Basin Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.2 Available Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios for the Sandusky Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.3 Available Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios for the Western Basin Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 4.4 Available Cultigen Data for the Sandusky Tradition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.1 Summary of Artifacts from the Grand Banks Site by Percentage (%) of Total Number and Weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5.2 Summary of Artifacts from the Grand Banks Site as Number and Weight per Square Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 6.1 Radiocarbon Dates from the Princess Point Project (1993-2000). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 6.2 Early Late Woodland Sites in the Middle Thames Drainage Basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 6.3 Early Late Woodland Sites in Thames Valley: Site Situation by Site Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 7.1 Radiocarbon Dates from Sites Used in the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 7.2 Summary of Ceramic Vessels Analyzed from Each Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 7.3 Summary of Clay Groups from Sites in North-Central Pennsylvania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 8.1 Key Components of the Three Models of Iroquoian Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 8.2 Ceramic Sherds AMS Dated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 8.3 Radiocarbon Dates from Kipp Island (Ritchie and Funk 1973:155). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 8.4 Carpenter Brook Phase Houses in Central New York. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 8.5 Physical Characteristics of Sherds Selected for Dating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 8.6 AMS Dates and Calibrated Two-Sigma Ranges on Sherd Residues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 9.1 Thomas/Luckey and Broome Tech Radiocarbon Dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 9.2 Feature Types at Thomas/Luckey and Broome Tech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 9.3 Average Feature Metrics at Thomas/Luckey and Broome Tech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 9.4 Plant Remains from Thomas/Luckey and Broome Tech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 9.5 Plant Indices for Thomas/Luckey and Broome Tech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 10.1 Radiocarbon Dates from the Park Creek II Site. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 10.2 Park Creek II Feature Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 10.3 Park Creek II Botanical Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 10.4 Comparison of Flake Attributes, A4 and A3 Horizons, Park Creek II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 x Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700–1300
11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (after Funk 1993:281). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 11.2 Summary of Late Middle and Early Late Woodland Sites in the Oneonta-Worchester Region. . . 213 11.3 Settlement Features of Late Middle and Early Late Woodland Sites in the Oneonta-Worchester Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 11.4 List of Wild and Domesticated Plants Identified at Late Middle and Early Late Woodland Sites. . . 218 11.5 Summary of Seed Identifications from Sites in the Oneonta-Worchester Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 11.6 List of Mammals Recovered from Late Middle and Early Late Woodland Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 11.7 Summary of Ceramic Attributes from Late Middle Woodland and Early Late Woodland Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 12.1 Selected Radiocarbon and TL Dates from Sites Discussed in the Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 12.2 Anadromous and Catadromous Fish in the Upper Hudson River and its Tributaries. . . . . . . . . . 234 13.1 Distribution of Nut Trees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 13.2 Indicator Species in Prehistoric Forests of the Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 13.3 Seed Indicators–Maine Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 13.4 Broome Tech Site: Selected Plant Remains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 13.5 Lamb Site Carbonized Plant Remains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 13.6 Summary of Data Points, Dates, and Sample Sizes Used in Constructing Figures. . . . . . . . . 258–259 14.1 Selected Radiocarbon Dates in Direct and General Association with Cultigens in the Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272–273 15.1 Key to Figure 1: Archaeological Sites with Prehistoric Cultigens in Southern New England. . . . 291 16.1 Maritime Woodland-Historic Period Chronological Model for the Quoddy Region. . . . . . . . . . . . 304 16.2 Faunal Remains Associated with the Partridge Island Late Maritime Woodland Component. . . 308 16.3 Faunal Remains Associated with the Weir Site Late Maritime Woodland Component. . . . . . . . . . 311 16.4 Faunal Remains Associated with the Northeast Point Late Maritime Woodland Component. . . . 312 17.1 Chronological and Ceramic Periods Referred to in Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 17.2 Summary of Landscape and Resource Characteristics for the Three Major Archaeological Areas of New Brunswick. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 List of Tables xi
Page 1 and 2: Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
Page 3 and 4: Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
Page 9: 9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE The New York State Museum h
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
Page 17 and 18: domesticates and the occupation of
Page 19 and 20: and Rieth highlight the important c
Page 21 and 22: Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
Page 23 and 24: Anthropology, University of Massach
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
Page 27 and 28: L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
Page 29 and 30: L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
Page 31 and 32: Olentangy River and other minor tri
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
Page 35 and 36: support the notion of resource stre
Page 37 and 38: F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
Page 39 and 40: B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
Page 41 and 42: Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
Page 43 and 44: Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
Page 45 and 46: L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
Page 47 and 48: Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
Page 49 and 50: Figure 2.15. Map of households with
Page 51 and 52: Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
Page 53 and 54: Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
Page 55 and 56: Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
Page 57 and 58: CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
Page 59 and 60: IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
Page 61 and 62:
social organizations is drawn prima
Page 63 and 64:
elements of the village, the spaces
Page 65 and 66:
Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
Page 81 and 82:
Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
Page 83 and 84:
Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
Page 107 and 108:
during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
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classification system has been appl
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(Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
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207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
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CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
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Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
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Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
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segment of the terrace that effecti
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Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
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Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
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Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
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Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
Page 147 and 148:
Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
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CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
Page 151 and 152:
ticultural hamlets, small and large
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that Clemson Island was greatly inf
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local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
Page 157 and 158:
Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
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Pennsylvania continued to practice
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level) overlaps with the West Branc
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Under a population metaphysic, the
Page 165 and 166:
Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
Page 167 and 168:
CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
Page 169 and 170:
Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
Page 171 and 172:
Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
Page 173 and 174:
Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
Page 175 and 176:
Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
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Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
Page 179 and 180:
REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
Page 181 and 182:
CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
Page 183 and 184:
Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
Page 189 and 190:
Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
Page 193 and 194:
Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
Page 195 and 196:
Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
Page 197 and 198:
Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
Page 199 and 200:
suggests that the gathering of wild
Page 201 and 202:
of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
Page 219 and 220:
END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
Page 221 and 222:
Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
Page 225 and 226:
Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
Page 227 and 228:
Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
Page 229 and 230:
Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
Page 231 and 232:
approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
Page 233 and 234:
Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
Page 237 and 238:
portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
Page 239 and 240:
Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
Page 241 and 242:
CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
Page 245 and 246:
Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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shads and herrings of the family Cl
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consists of large concentrations of
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(1990) survey of recorded sites in
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York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
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CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
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Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
Page 259 and 260:
Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
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ation in feature contents. For mult
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Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
Page 265 and 266:
Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
Page 267 and 268:
Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
Page 269 and 270:
Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
Page 271 and 272:
6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
Page 273 and 274:
Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
Page 275 and 276:
Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
Page 277 and 278:
y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
Page 279 and 280:
CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
Page 281 and 282:
Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
Page 283 and 284:
available to Ceci were simply too l
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the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
Page 287 and 288:
Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
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within single settlements remains e
Page 291 and 292:
noncoastal residential sites certai
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Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
Page 295 and 296:
to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
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other related questions yet, and so
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Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
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Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
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CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
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Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
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Maize will normally not preserve fo
Page 309 and 310:
artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
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creativity to resolve, but is also
Page 313 and 314:
Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
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CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
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Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
Page 319 and 320:
shell-bearing sites located on the
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site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
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(e.g., Black 1992:190) limit and co
Page 325 and 326:
Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
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and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
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the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
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SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
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Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
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CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
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Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
Page 339 and 340:
Among the food plants listed above,
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species, the American eel (Anguilla
Page 343 and 344:
the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
Page 345 and 346:
Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
Page 347 and 348:
midden deposits were located along
Page 349 and 350:
a model with two distinct populatio
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Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
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File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
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Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
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stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
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CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
Page 361 and 362:
use of the term “small village”
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1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
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several centuries after its first a
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from excavations at village sites h
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133-156. New York State Museum Bull
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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
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CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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