Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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Table 14.1. Selected Radiocarbon Dates in Direct and General Association with Cultigens in the Northeast. Site Lab C14 Age Calibrated 2σ with Material Number intercepts 1 Dated Bohannon Beta-154528 700±60 a A.D. 1220 (1290) 1399 charcoal Boland Beta-21533 940±80 a,b A.D. 904 (1040, 1100, 1116, 1141, 1151) 1264 charcoal Burnham-Shepard Beta-27676 620±70 A.D. 1275 (1315, 1354, 1387) 1435 maize Beta-29619 550±60 A.D. 1297 (1406) 1445 bean Conant Beta-103493 390±60 a A.D. 1419 (1476) 1645 charcoal Beta-103494 260±60 a A.D. 1479 (1648) 1948 charcoal Beta-103495 220±60 a A.D. 1519 (1662) 1950 charcoal Dawson Creek S-2207 1405±60 a A.D. 540 (649) 762 charcoal Donohue GX-6299 510±115 a A.D. 1280 (1421) 1642 charcoal GX-6298 250±115 a A.D. 1433 (1652) 1954 charcoal Early Fall Beta-29671 570±70 a,b,c A.D. 1286 (1334, 1336, 1400) 1445 charcoal Beta-29079 460±60 a A.D. 1331 (1439) 1622 charcoal Fisher Farm UGA-2683 1245±70 a A.D. 656 (776) 976 charcoal UGA-2676 875±125 a A.D. 898 (1164, 1169, 1186) 1386 charcoal UGA-2276 600±105 a A.D. 1223 (1327, 1346, 1393) 1478 charcoal Gnagey GAK-5150 1070±80 a A.D. 778 (984) 1158 charcoal Grand Banks TO-5307 1570±90 A.D. 258 (442, 448, 468, 482, 530) 657 maize TO-5308 1500±150 A.D. 238 (562, 592, 596) 860 maize TO-4585 1250±80 A.D. 645 (775) 979 maize TO-4584 1060±60 A.D. 785 (991) 1152 maize TO-5875 970±50 A.D. 983 (1029) 1207 maize Headquarters Beta-156907 840±40 A.D. 1045 (1216) 1278 maize Beta-156911 620±50 a AD. 1283 (1315, 1354, 1387) 1418 charcoal Beta-156909 580±70 a A.D. 1284 (1332, 1340, 1398) 1443 charcoal Beta-156908 410±40 a A.D. 1427 (1452) 1627 charcoal Hornblower II Y-1653 790±80 a A.D. 1037 (1259) 1385 charcoal Little Ossipee North Beta-102060 570±40 A.D. 1300 (1334, 1336, 1400) 1433 maize Mago Point Beta-21234 840±80 a A.D. 1021 (1216) 1296 charcoal Meadowcroft SI-2051 2325±75 a 758 (396) 201 B.C. charcoal SI-1674 2290±90 a 757 (387) 119 B.C. charcoal SI-2487 2155±65 a,c 386 (198, 188, 180) 2 B.C. charcoal SI-2362 2075±125 a,c 396 (89, 78, 57 ) B.C. - A.D. 221 charcoal SI-1668 2820±75 c 1255 (973, 956, 941) 816 B.C. charcoal SI-1665 2815±80 c 1256 (979,957,939) 807 B.C. charcoal Memorial Park AA-19127 985±45 A.D. 282 (1024) 1161 maize AA-19126 420±40 A.D. 1423 (1448) 1622 maize AA-19127 5404±552 5477 (4318, 4298, 4251) 2902 B.C. squash/cucurbit AA-19128 2625±45 887 (801) 764 B.C. squash/cucurbit Continues 272 Petersen and Cowie
Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14 Age Calibrated 2σ with Material Number intercepts 1 Dated Morgan Beta-20147 630±70 A.D. 1267 (1304, 1367, 1385) 1431 charcoal Beta-20146 590±70 A.D. 1281 (1329, 1343, 1395) 1441 charcoal Norridgewock sites Beta-43974 300±80 a,c A.D. 1438 (1637) 1948 charcoal Beta-104792 130±40 A.D. 1675 (1689, 1729, 1810, 1922, 1948) 1953 maize Pine Hill GX-21994 400±60 A.D. 1414 (1468) 1642 maize Place Royale Beta-26467 930±65 a A.D. 989 (1043, 1091, 1119, 1140, 1155) 1257 charcoal RL-1831 790±100 a A.D. 1023 (1259) 1396 charcoal Beta-26468 715±70 a A.D. 1193 (1285) 1400 charcoal Roeliff Jansen Kill Beta-53451 1090±60 a A.D. 780 (979) 1030 charcoal (211-1-1) Beta-84969 810±50 A.D.1069 (1224, 1231, 1239) 1288 maize Beta-84970 590±60 A.D. 1286 (1329, 1343, 1395) 1437 maize Beta-53238 250±50 a A.D. 1494 (1652) 1947 charcoal Beta-84971 170±50 A.D. 1645 (1676, 1764, 1770, 1775, 1802, 1939, 1946) 1952 maize Roundtop AA-26541 830±45 A.D. 1045 (1218) 1281 maize AA-21979 675±55 A.D. 1260 (1297) 1403 maize AA-21980 670±55 a A.D. 1262 (1297) 1404 charcoal AA-23106 658±48 A.D. 1276 (1299, 1374, 1376) 1404 bean AA-26539 440±45 A.D. 1411 (1443) 1616 maize AA-21978 330±45 A.D. 1447 (1522, 1573, 1627) 1656 maize AA-26540 315±45 A.D. 1453 (1528, 1551, 1633) 1661 bean Sharrow Beta-18234 6320±110 c 5481 (5303) 4998 B.C. charcoal AA-7491 5695±100 4775 (4522, 4509, 4503) 4341 B.C. squash/cucurbit Selden Island Beta-5312 1060±70 a A.D. 782 (991) 1157 charcoal Skitchewaug Beta-39175 850±50 a,b A.D. 1036 (1212) 1279 charcoal Beta-24210 830±60 a,b,c A.D. 1036 (1218)1288 charcoal AA-29120 765±50 A.D. 1188 (1275) 1299 bean Beta-34057 760±50 a,b A.D. 1190 (1276) 1376 charcoal Beta-29831 730±60 a A.D.1195 (1282) 1391 charcoal AA-29119 670±45 A.D. 1274 (1297) 1399 bean Beta-34058 630±50 a A.D. 1281 (1304, 1367, 1385) 1414 charcoal AA-29121 600±50 A.D. 1289 (1327, 1346, 1393) 1428 bean St. Anthony Beta-22813 950±80 a A.D. 901 (1037, 1143, 1148) 1260 charcoal Beta-21982 760±90 a A.D. 1040 (1276) 1398 charcoal Beta-22692 670±90 a A.D. 1211 (1297) 1431 charcoal 1 Calibrated with CALIB 4.3 (Stuiver et al. 1998). Key: a- general association of maize; b- general association of beans; c- general association of squash/cucurbit. Dates considered erroneous by researchers have been omitted. (For sources see Adovasio and Johnson 1981; Asch Sidell 1999; Bendremer and Dewar 1993; Bumstead 1980; Cassedy and Webb 1999; Clermont et al. 1992; Crawford et al. 1997; George 1983; Hart 1999a, 2000; Hart and Asch Sidell 1996, 1997; Hart and Scarry 1999; Hatch 1980; Heckenberger et al. 1992; King 1999; Lavin 1988b; Petersen and Asch Sidell 1996; Ritchie 1969; Stewart 1994). Chapter 14 From Hunter-Gatherer Camp to Horticultural Village: Late Prehistoric Indigenous Subsistence and Settlement 273
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
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Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
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CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
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during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
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classification system has been appl
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(Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
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207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
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CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
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Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
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Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
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segment of the terrace that effecti
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Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
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Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
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Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
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Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
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Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
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CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
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ticultural hamlets, small and large
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that Clemson Island was greatly inf
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local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
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Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
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Pennsylvania continued to practice
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level) overlaps with the West Branc
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Under a population metaphysic, the
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Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
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CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
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Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
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Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
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Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
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Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
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Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
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REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
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CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
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Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
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Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
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Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
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Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
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Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
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suggests that the gathering of wild
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of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
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END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
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Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
Page 235 and 236: importance of hunting and hunting-r
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Page 239 and 240: Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
Page 241 and 242: CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
Page 243 and 244: oundaries were given. According to
Page 245 and 246: Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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Page 249 and 250: consists of large concentrations of
Page 251 and 252: (1990) survey of recorded sites in
Page 253 and 254: York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
Page 255 and 256: CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
Page 257 and 258: Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
Page 259 and 260: Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
Page 261 and 262: ation in feature contents. For mult
Page 263 and 264: Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
Page 265 and 266: Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
Page 267 and 268: Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
Page 269 and 270: Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
Page 271 and 272: 6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
Page 273 and 274: Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
Page 275 and 276: Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
Page 277 and 278: y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
Page 279 and 280: CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
Page 281 and 282: Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
Page 283 and 284: available to Ceci were simply too l
Page 285: the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
Page 289 and 290: within single settlements remains e
Page 291 and 292: noncoastal residential sites certai
Page 293 and 294: Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
Page 295 and 296: to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
Page 297 and 298: other related questions yet, and so
Page 299 and 300: Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
Page 301 and 302: Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
Page 303 and 304: CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
Page 305 and 306: Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
Page 307 and 308: Maize will normally not preserve fo
Page 309 and 310: artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
Page 311 and 312: creativity to resolve, but is also
Page 313 and 314: Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
Page 317 and 318: Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
Page 319 and 320: shell-bearing sites located on the
Page 321 and 322: site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
Page 323 and 324: (e.g., Black 1992:190) limit and co
Page 325 and 326: Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
Page 327 and 328: and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
Page 329 and 330: the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
Page 331 and 332: SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
Page 333 and 334: Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
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Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
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Among the food plants listed above,
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species, the American eel (Anguilla
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the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
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Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
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midden deposits were located along
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a model with two distinct populatio
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Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
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File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
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Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
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stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
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CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
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use of the term “small village”
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1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
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several centuries after its first a
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from excavations at village sites h
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133-156. New York State Museum Bull
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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
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CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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