Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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Figure 6.3. Bell Terrace and Bell Flats. bridge, we consider the occupation part of the Cayuga Bridge site. The soils at this locale are alternating layers of alluvium and palaeosol (Figure 6.5). This stratigraphy is similar to that reported at Grand Banks (Crawford et al. 1997; Crawford et al. 1998). No cultural remains were recovered from P1. A meter to a meter and a half of alluvium (A2) overlies P2, the palaeosol associated with the Princess Point occupation of the river bar. A few centimeters above P2 is a scatter of late nineteenth century artifacts in a 1-2 cm thin lens above P2 and restricted to the southern half of the excavation. An AMS date on wood charcoal associated with the historic artifacts is recent (Table 6.1). Plow scars are visible in P2, much as they are at Grand Banks. Considering their nearly 1 m depth below the surface, these scars are likely as old as the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries A.D. Quite possibly they are historic Iroquois in origin, given that European settlement in the area postdates 1850. 120 Crawford and Smith
Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from the Princess Point Project (1993-2000). Site Lab No. Sample Radiocarbon Calibrated Date 1 Date (B.P.) Grand Banks, 729-671 TO-53071 cupule 1570±90 A.D. 260 (440, 450, 470, 480, 530) 660 Grand Banks, 729-670 TO-53081 cupule 1500±150 A.D. 240 (560, 590, 600) 860 Meyer, 573-514 TO-81502 cupules 1270±100 A.D. 600 (720, 750, 770) 980 Grand Banks, 729-671 TO-45851 kernel 1250±80 A.D. 650 (780) 980 Forster TO-70392 cupule 1150±100 A.D. 660 (890) 1150 Cayuga Bridge, Feature 5 TO-72932 butternut 1110±50 A.D. 780 (900, 920, 960) 1020 Grand Banks, Feature 1 TO-45842 kernel 1060±60 A.D. 790 (990) 1150 Lone Pine, 460-500 TO-45861 kernel 1040±60 A.D. 890 (1000) 1160 Grand Banks, Feature 210 TO-58751 cupule 970±50 A.D. 980 (1030) 1210 Bull's Point TO-63411 kernel 960±60 A.D. 980 (1030) 1220 Cayuga Bridge, Feature 18 TO-74452 hickory 980±110 A.D. 780 (1030) 1280 nutshell Meyer, Feature 56 TO-89642 dog phalanx 890±60 A.D. 1020 (1160) 1280 Cayuga Bridge, A2 TO-74462 wood 120±50 A.D. 1660 (1690, 1730, 1810, charcoal 1850, 1860, 1920, 1950) 1950 1 Calibrated with CALIB 4.3 (Stuiver et al.1998). A backhoe cleared the A2 alluvium to reach the Princess Point occupation in P2. We concentrated our efforts on a 10 by 9 m area. The site was excavated in 1 m squares following natural stratigraphy where possible. Ten 1 by 1 m units were randomly selected for 100 percent flotation. Except for the flotation samples, all soils were sifted through 1/8-inch mesh. The excavation exposed 59 posts and 14 other significant features. Among the features are 3 historic posts, while the remaining 11 are pits with ash fill, 2 hearths, and pits with high carbon content fill. Most artifacts are from P2, or immediately below P2 in the upper A1 stratum. Features and post molds often extend into A1, and a few posts are evident only at this level due to the difficulty in distinguishing them from the surrounding P2. Two AMS dates on nutshell fragments from Features 5 and 18 (Table 6.1) are consistent with Princess Point. Before backfilling, a backhoe test trench in the northern portion of the excavation exposed the stratigraphic sequence below P2. A1 is approximately 60 cm thick and overlies a second palaeosol, P1. The excavation did not reveal any demonstrable individual houses. The settlement pattern of posts and features is complex. A total of nearly 6,000 artifacts have been cataloged to date. Diagnostic ceramics are solely cord-wrapped stick-decorated pottery diagnostic of Princess Point. The animal remains, yet to be formally analyzed, consist of a large number of deer lower limb bones, and the remains of small mammals, birds, and fish as well as mollusk shells. Chapter 6 Early Late Woodland in Southern Ontario: An Update (1996–2000) 121
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
Page 83 and 84: Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
Page 85 and 86: on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
Page 91 and 92: Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
Page 93 and 94: points and notched Chesser or Lowe
Page 95 and 96: dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
Page 99 and 100: where fishing and farming may have
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
Page 103 and 104: singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
Page 105 and 106: urial with the dead, broadcasted a
Page 107 and 108: during the early Late Woodland time
Page 109 and 110: Valley. North American Archaeologis
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
Page 113 and 114: interest in exchange of service or
Page 115 and 116: CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
Page 117 and 118: 710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
Page 119 and 120: Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
Page 121 and 122: e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
Page 123 and 124: classification system has been appl
Page 125 and 126: (Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
Page 127 and 128: in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
Page 129 and 130: 207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
Page 133: Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
Page 137 and 138: segment of the terrace that effecti
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
Page 141 and 142: Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
Page 143 and 144: Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
Page 145 and 146: Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
Page 147 and 148: Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
Page 149 and 150: CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
Page 151 and 152: ticultural hamlets, small and large
Page 153 and 154: that Clemson Island was greatly inf
Page 155 and 156: local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
Page 159 and 160: Pennsylvania continued to practice
Page 161 and 162: level) overlaps with the West Branc
Page 163 and 164: Under a population metaphysic, the
Page 165 and 166: Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
Page 169 and 170: Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
Page 171 and 172: Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
Page 173 and 174: Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
Page 175 and 176: Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
Page 177 and 178: Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
Page 181 and 182: CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
Page 183 and 184: Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
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Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
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Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
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Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
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Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
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suggests that the gathering of wild
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of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
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END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
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Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
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portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
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Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
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CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
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Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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shads and herrings of the family Cl
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consists of large concentrations of
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(1990) survey of recorded sites in
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York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
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CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
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Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
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Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
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ation in feature contents. For mult
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Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
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Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
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Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
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Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
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6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
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Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
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Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
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y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
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CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
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Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
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available to Ceci were simply too l
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the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
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Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
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within single settlements remains e
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noncoastal residential sites certai
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Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
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to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
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other related questions yet, and so
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Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
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Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
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CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
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Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
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Maize will normally not preserve fo
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artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
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creativity to resolve, but is also
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Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
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CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
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Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
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shell-bearing sites located on the
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site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
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(e.g., Black 1992:190) limit and co
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Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
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and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
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the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
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SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
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Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
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CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
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Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
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Among the food plants listed above,
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species, the American eel (Anguilla
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the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
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Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
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midden deposits were located along
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a model with two distinct populatio
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Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
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File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
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Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
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stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
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CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
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use of the term “small village”
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1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
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several centuries after its first a
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from excavations at village sites h
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133-156. New York State Museum Bull
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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
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CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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