Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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In Prehistoric Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces: Past and Present Research, edited by M. Deal and S. Blair, pp. 171- 196. Reports in Archaeology 8. Council of Maritime Premiers, Fredericton. Deal, M., and Rutherford, D. (2001). The distribution and diversity of Nova Scotian Archaic sites and materials: a re-examination. In Archaeology in Nova Scotia 1992, 1993 and 1994, edited by S. Powell, pp. 142-173. Nova Scotia Museum, Curatorial Reports 95, Halifax. Deal, M., and Silk, P. (1988). Absorption residues and vessel function: a case study from the Maine-Maritimes region. In A Pot for All Reasons: Ceramic Ecology Revisited, edited by C. C. Kolb and L. M. Lackey, pp. 105-125. Laboratory of 340 Deal
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Manuscript on file at Archaeological Services, New Brunswick Department of Municipalities, Culture and Housing, Fredericton. Erikson, V. O. (1978). Maliseet-Passamaquoddy. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 15, Northeast, edited by B. G. Trigger, pp. 123-136., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Erskine, J. S. (1966). Birds of yesterday. Nova Scotia Bird Society Newsletter 8(3):27-29. Ferguson, A. M. (1982). Investigations at Two Localities in the St. John River Valley, Central New Brunswick. Manuscripts in Archaeology 4, Department of Historical and Cultural Resources, New Brunswick, Fredericton. Ferguson, A. M. (1988). The Indian Point Site—CiDf-29 at MacEachern’s Point, Northumberland County, New Brunswick. Manuscripts in Archaeology 22E, Department of Tourism, Recreation and Heritage, New Brunswick, Fredericton. Ferguson, A. M., and Turnbull, C. J. (1980). Minister’s Island seawall: an experiment in archaeological site preservation. In Proceedings of the 1980 Conference on the Future of Archaeology in the Maritime Provinces, edited by D. M. Shimabuku, pp. 88-94. Department of Anthropology, Saint Mary’s University, Occasional Papers in Anthropology 8, Halifax. Fiedel, S. J. (1990). Correlating archaeology and linguistics: the Algonquian case. Man in the Northeast 41:9-32. Finley, S. (1996). Re-evaluating the Significance of Some Canoe Routes. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association, Halifax. Fisher, G. (1964). Indian Campsites on the Reversing Falls Portage. Manuscript on file at the New Brunswick Museum, St. John’s. Fisher, G. (1965). Report on the Indian Camp Site Locations on the Reversing Falls Portage with Reference to Archaeological Excavations in the Area from 1954-1964. Manuscript on file at the New Brunswick Museum, Saint John’s. Fitzgerald, W. L., Turgeon, L., Whitehead, R. H., and Bradley, J. W. (1993). Late sixteenth century banded copper kettles. Historical Archaeology 27:44-57. Foulkes, E. B. (1981). Fulton Island. A Stratified Site in the Saint John River Valley of New Brunswick. Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, Trent University, Peterborough. Foulkes, E. B. (1982). Prehistory in Kouchibouguac National Park and Environs. New Brunswick Department of Historical and Cultural Resources, New Brunswick Archaeology 2, Fredericton. Fowler, W. (1966). Cache of engraved pebbles from New Brunswick. Massachusetts Archaeological Society Bulletin 28(1):15-17. Ganong, W. F. (1899). A Monograph of Historic Sites in the Province of New Brunswick. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, No. III, Section II, pp. 213-357. Ganong, W. F. (1901). Note 32, the physiographic origins of our portage routes. New Brunswick Natural History Society Bulletin 19:313-314. Ganong, W. F. (1904). A monograph of the origins of settlements in the province of New Brunswick—contributions to the history of New Brunswick. The Royal Society of Canada, Transactions, Section II 10:3-185. Ganong, W. F. (1913a). Supplement to Note 125—the ancient Indian portage route from Gaspereaux to Cains River. New Brunswick Natural History Society Bulletin 30:429-434. Ganong, W. F. (1913b). Supplement to Note 126—the ancient Indian portages from Salmon River to Richibucto. New Brunswick Natural History Society Bulletin 30:444-449. Ganong, W. F. (1914). Supplement to Note 131—the ancient portage route from the Washademoak to adjacent waters. New Brunswick Natural History Society Bulletin 31:23-14. Ganong, W. F. (1915). An organization of the scientific investigation of the Indian place-nomenclature of the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Section II, pp. 275-448. Gaskin, D. E. (1983). The marine mammal community. In Marine and Coastal Systems of the Quoddy Region, New Brunswick, edited by M. L. H. Thomas, pp. 245-268. 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Archaeological Survey and Testings of the St. Croix River and Spednic and Palfrey Lakes, New Brunswick-1984. Manuscripts in Archaeology 14. Department of Historical and Cultural Resources, Fredericton. Hale, H. L. (1986). The 1985 Archaeological Survey of the St. Croix Waterway and the Reconnaissance of the Musquash Site, Skedaddle Ridge, Southwestern New Brunswick. Manuscripts in Archaeology 18. Department of Tourism, Recreation and Heritage, Fredericton. Chapter 17 Aboriginal Land and Resource Use in New Brunswick During the Late Prehistoric and Early Contact Periods 341
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
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Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
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CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
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during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
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classification system has been appl
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(Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
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207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
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CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
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Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
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Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
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segment of the terrace that effecti
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Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
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Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
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Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
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Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
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Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
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CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
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ticultural hamlets, small and large
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that Clemson Island was greatly inf
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local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
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Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
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Pennsylvania continued to practice
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level) overlaps with the West Branc
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Under a population metaphysic, the
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Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
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CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
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Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
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Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
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Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
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Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
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Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
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REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
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CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
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Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
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Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
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Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
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Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
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Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
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suggests that the gathering of wild
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of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
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END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
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Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
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portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
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Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
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CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
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Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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shads and herrings of the family Cl
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consists of large concentrations of
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(1990) survey of recorded sites in
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York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
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CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
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Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
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Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
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ation in feature contents. For mult
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Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
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Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
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Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
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Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
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6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
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Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
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Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
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y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
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CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
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Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
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available to Ceci were simply too l
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the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
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Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
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within single settlements remains e
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noncoastal residential sites certai
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Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
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to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
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other related questions yet, and so
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Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
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Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
Page 303 and 304: CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
Page 305 and 306: Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
Page 307 and 308: Maize will normally not preserve fo
Page 309 and 310: artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
Page 311 and 312: creativity to resolve, but is also
Page 313 and 314: Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
Page 317 and 318: Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
Page 319 and 320: shell-bearing sites located on the
Page 321 and 322: site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
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Page 325 and 326: Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
Page 327 and 328: and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
Page 329 and 330: the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
Page 331 and 332: SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
Page 333 and 334: Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
Page 337 and 338: Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
Page 339 and 340: Among the food plants listed above,
Page 341 and 342: species, the American eel (Anguilla
Page 343 and 344: the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
Page 345 and 346: Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
Page 347 and 348: midden deposits were located along
Page 349 and 350: a model with two distinct populatio
Page 351 and 352: Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
Page 353: File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
Page 357 and 358: stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
Page 359 and 360: CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
Page 361 and 362: use of the term “small village”
Page 363 and 364: 1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
Page 365 and 366: several centuries after its first a
Page 367 and 368: from excavations at village sites h
Page 369 and 370: 133-156. New York State Museum Bull
Page 371 and 372: longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
Page 373 and 374: CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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