Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

Figure 17.2. Map of New Brunswick and adjacent areas of Maine, Quebec, Prince Edward Island, and Nova
Scotia. Major prehistoric lithic source areas (adapted from Burke 2000:figure 6-5; and Jeandron 1997) are shaded
in black. The small dots are clay sources tested by Allain (1984); except for three locations around Passaquoddy
Bay, within the Coastal Volcanic Belt area. The letter “c” represents a native copper source area.
Jeandron 1997; Matthew 1900; Sabina 1972). A number
of minor primary source areas have been identified
along the coast of Passamaquoddy Bay (Crotts
1984:38-46; MacDonald 1994; Matthew 1884:20-21).
Lithics from elsewhere in the Maritime Peninsula also
made their way to New Brunswick, presumably over
an exchange network that followed the east coast
south from Labrador to New England (e.g., Loring
1988:50-51). Examination of lithic artifacts and debitage
from sites in Passamaquoddy Bay indicate that
these “culturally exotic” lithics became more common
during the Late Woodland period in that area (Black
1992:50-56; MacDonald 1994:108-109).
Washademoak Lake is situated in the Lakes Region
of the Saint John River Valley, which consists of French,
Maquapit, Grand, and Washademoak Lakes and the
thoroughfares that connect them (Matthew 1900:61).
The Washademoak lithics consist of a variety of
cherts, including chalcedony, carnelian, agate, and
jasper, which can be collected as fragments along the
shore between Belyea and Crafts Coves (see Black and
Wilson 1999:82, 86, 107, note 11). They have been
described as glassy, translucent cherts with red or
gray coloring, with an opaque or translucent mustard-yellow
variant (Jeandron 1997:55). Matthew suggested
that the principal workshop site was located at
MacDonald’s Point (1900:65), but Jeandron has identified
a more likely source area farther to the northeast.
A more recent study by Black and Wilson (1999)
suggests that this source only came into use during
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