Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:49-67. Katzenberg, M. A., Saunders, S. R., and. Fitzgerald, W. R (1993). Age differences in stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in a population of prehistoric maize horticulturists. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 90:267-281. Katzenberg, M. A., Schwarcz, H. P., Knyf, M., and Melbye, F. J. (1995). Stable isotope evidence for maize horticulture and paleodiet in southern Ontario, Canada. American Antiquity 60:335-350. Keesing, R. (1975). Kin Groups and Social Structure. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. King, F. B. (1999). Changing evidence for prehistoric plant use in Pennsylvania. In Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, edited by J. P. Hart, pp. 11-26. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Lawrence, D., and Low, S. (1990). The built environment and spatial form. Annual Review of Anthropology 19:453-505. Leonard, R. D., and Reed, H. E. (1993). Population aggregation in the prehistoric American Southwest: a selectionist model. American Antiquity 58:648-661. Little, E. A. (2002). Kautantouwit’s legacy: calibrated dates on prehistoric maize in New England. American Antiquity 67:109-118. Little, E. A., and Schoeninger, M. J. (1995). The Late Woodland diet on Nantucket Island and the problem of maize in coastal New England. American Antiquity 60:351-368. Lowie, R. H. (1946). Eastern Brazil: an introduction. In Handbook of South American Indians: Volume I: The Marginal Tribes, edited by J. H. Steward, pp. 381-397. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, Washington, D.C. Lowie, R. H. (1949). Social and political organization of the tropical forest and marginal tribes. In Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 5, The Comparative Ethnology of South American Indians, edited by J. H. Steward, pp. 313- 350. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143, Washington, D.C. Lyman, R. L., O’Brien, M. J., and Dunnell, R. C. (1997). The Rise and Fall of Culture History, Plenum Press, New York. Maslowski, R. (1985). Woodland settlement patterns in mid and upper Ohio valley. West Virginia Archeologist 37(2):23-34. Means, B. K. (1996). Monongahela community and settlement patterns in the vicinity of Meyersdale, Pennsylvania. Paper presented at the annual Middle Atlantic Archaeological Conference, Ocean City, Maryland, March 9, 1996. Means, B. K. (1998a). Archaeological past and present: field methodology from 1930s relief excavations in Somerset County, Pennsylvania and its relevance to modern archaeological interpretations. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 14:39-63. Means, B. K. (1998b). Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume I: Project History and Overview, Methodological Approaches, and Natural and Cultural Context. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc., for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Means, B. K. (1999). Monongahela mortuary practices in Somerset County, Pennsylvania: observations and implications. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 69(2):15-44. Means, B. K. (2000). Toward a model of Monongahela village community organization: analyzing pit feature data recovered from the 1934 to 1940 Somerset County relief excavations. North American Archaeologist 21:35-61. Means, B. K. (2001). Circular reasoning: ring-shaped village settlements in Late Prehistoric southwestern Pennsylvania and beyond. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 17:109- 131. Means, B. K. and Fischler, B. (1998). Phase II investigations at 36 SO 244. In Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass Project, S.R. 6219, Section B08, Somerset County, Pennsylvania: Volume III: Phase I and II Archaeological Investigations along the Western Alternative of the U.S. 219 Meyersdale Bypass from the Southern Terminus to Elklick Creek. Report prepared by Greenhorne & O’Mara, Inc., for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. Moeller, R. (2001). Aspects of a model for the study of Late Woodland horticulture, villages, and population dynamics. Revised version of paper published (1994) as Aspects of a Model for the Study of Late Woodland Horticulture, Villages, and Population Dynamics. Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of New Jersey 49:69-75. Myers, T. (1973). Toward the reconstruction of prehistoric community patterns in the Amazon basin. In Variation in Anthropology: Essays in Honor of John C. McGregor, edited by D. Lathrap and J. Douglas, pp. 233-252. Illinois Archaeological Survey, Urbana. Nass, J. P., Jr., and Hart, J. P. (2000). Subsistence-settlement change during the Late Prehistoric period in the upper Ohio River Valley: new models and old constructs. In Cultures Before Contact: The Late Prehistory of Ohio and Surrounding Regions, edited by R. A. Genheimer, pp. 124- 157. The Ohio Historical Council, Columbus. Nass, J. P., Jr., and Yerkes, R. W. (1995). Social differentiation in Mississippian and Fort Ancient societies. In Mississippian Communities and Households, edited by J. D. Rogers, and B. D. Smith, pp. 58-80. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. Ounjian, G. L. (1998). Glen Meyer and Prehistoric Neutral Paleoethnobotany. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto. UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor. Pearson, M., and Richards, C. (1994). Ordering the world: perceptions of architecture, space, and time. In Architecture and Order: Approaches to Social Space, edited by M. Pearson and C. Richards, pp. 1-37. Routledge, London. Pollack, D., and Henderson, A. G. (2000). Insights into Fort Ancient culture change: a view from south of the Ohio River. In Cultures Before Contact: The Late Prehistory of Ohio and Surrounding Regions, edited by R. A. Genheimer, pp. 194-227. The Ohio Historical Council, Columbus. Prezzano, S. C. (1992). Longhouse, Village, and Palisade: Community Patterns at the Iroquois Southern Door. Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor. Chapter 18 Maize and Villages: A Summary and Critical Assessment of Current Northeast Early Late Prehistoric Evidence 357
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
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Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
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CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
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during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
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classification system has been appl
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(Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
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207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
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CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
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Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
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Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
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segment of the terrace that effecti
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Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
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Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
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Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
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Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
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Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
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CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
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ticultural hamlets, small and large
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that Clemson Island was greatly inf
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local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
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Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
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Pennsylvania continued to practice
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level) overlaps with the West Branc
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Under a population metaphysic, the
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Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
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CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
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Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
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Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
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Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
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Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
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Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
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REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
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CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
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Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
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Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
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Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
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Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
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Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
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suggests that the gathering of wild
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of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
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END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
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Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
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portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
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Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
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CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
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Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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shads and herrings of the family Cl
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consists of large concentrations of
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(1990) survey of recorded sites in
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York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
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CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
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Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
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Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
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ation in feature contents. For mult
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Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
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Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
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Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
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Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
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6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
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Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
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Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
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y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
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CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
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Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
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available to Ceci were simply too l
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the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
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Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
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within single settlements remains e
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noncoastal residential sites certai
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Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
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to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
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other related questions yet, and so
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Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
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Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
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CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
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Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
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Maize will normally not preserve fo
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artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
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creativity to resolve, but is also
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Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
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CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
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Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
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Page 333 and 334: Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
Page 337 and 338: Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
Page 339 and 340: Among the food plants listed above,
Page 341 and 342: species, the American eel (Anguilla
Page 343 and 344: the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
Page 345 and 346: Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
Page 347 and 348: midden deposits were located along
Page 349 and 350: a model with two distinct populatio
Page 351 and 352: Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
Page 353 and 354: File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
Page 355 and 356: Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
Page 357 and 358: stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
Page 359 and 360: CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
Page 361 and 362: use of the term “small village”
Page 363 and 364: 1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
Page 365 and 366: several centuries after its first a
Page 367 and 368: from excavations at village sites h
Page 369: 133-156. New York State Museum Bull
Page 373 and 374: CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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