Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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Figure 8.3. Point Peninsula sherds Nos. 1, 12, and 15, Untyped sherd No. 13. RESULTS The AMS radiocarbon dates returned on the residue samples are summarized in Table 8.6 and Figure 8.6. The results bear importantly on the three models of Iroquoian development. Point Peninsula Sherds According to the classic typology, all three Point Peninsula sherds were expected to predate A.D. 950. The Wickham Incised sherd (No. 1) was expected to have an absolute date in the range of Middle Point Peninsula (ca. A.D. 400-800). The lab returned a date of 1280±40 B.P., or a calibrated date in the seventh or eighth century A.D. (Table 8.6; Figure 8.6). I expected the residues from the Point Peninsula Corded sherds to date in the Middle to Late Point Peninsula periods (ca. A.D. 400-950). The Point Peninsula Corded sherds had dates of 1240±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 776 (No. 12) and 1210±40 B.P., which calibrates to the late eighth century A.D. (No. 15). All three of these calibrated dates are consistent with the expected results; each produced a solid Late Point Peninsula date. Owasco Sherds All of the Owasco-type sherds were expected to postdate A.D. 950 since this is the beginning of the Owasco period. As expected, the Carpenter Brook Cord-on-Cord sherds produced dates of 960±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 1034 (No. 4) and 1130±40 B.P. or the early tenth century A.D. (No. 137) and the Levanna Cord-on-Cord sherd from Levanna produced a date of 1090±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 979 (No. 40). However, these were the only Owasco sherds to date in the classically defined Owasco time range. The Owasco Herringbone sherd (No. 6) returned a date of 1410±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 646. This was the earliest date of all the Owasco-type sherds, and can be considered consistent with the chronological placement of Owasco Herringbone in the ceramic chronology. However, the Owasco Corded Oblique sherd (No. 7), produced an almost equally early date of 1360±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 662 (Figure 8.6). The remaining three dates from Owasco-type sherds (Nos. 23, 99, 107) fall between A.D. 660 and 977, and consistently predate the Late Woodland period. In all, five of the eight Owasco pottery types yielded AMS dates that are traditionally considered to be in the Point Peninsula period in central New York. 160 Schulenberg
Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics of Sherds Selected for Dating. Sherd Ceramic Temper Thickness Body Decoration Rim No. Type (mm) treatment diameter (cm) 1 Wickham Quartz 8 Smoothed Incised horizontal lines, 42 Incised (2 mm) over crossed with incised cordmarking lines at a 45° angle 4 Carpenter Grit 6 Cordmarked Horizontal cord NA Brook Cord- (1 mm) impressed lines on-Cord around neck 6 Owasco Grit 9 Smooth Herringbone of cord 16 Herringbone (1 mm) impressions, oblique cord impressions on rim interior 7 Owasco Grit 8 Smoothed Plats of oblique cord 12 Corded (1-2 mm) over impressions, which Oblique cordmarked continue over rim to interior 12 Point Grit 9 Smooth Cordwrapped stick 16 Peninsula (1 mm) impressions in horizontal Corded lines around rim and neck 13 Untyped Quartz 11 Cordmarked NA NA (4 mm) 15 Point Grit 7 Cordmarked Horizontal lines of 22 Peninsula (1 mm) cordwrapped stick Corded impressions, series of vertical impressions along rim 23 Owasco Grit 8 Smooth Horizontal cord impressions, 20 Corded (1 mm) short oblique impressions Horizontal around neck 40 Levanna Grit 7 Cordmarked NA 16 Cord-on- (4 mm) Cord 99 Levanna Grit 8 Cordmarked NA 28 Cord-on- (2-4 mm) Cord 107 Owasco Grit 7 Cordmarked Horizontal cord impressions 14 Corded (2-4 mm) around neck, continuing Horizontal over rim to interior 137 Carpenter Grit 11 Cordmarked Horizontal lines of cord 20 Brook Cord- (1-2 mm) impressions along neck on-Cord and rim The cordmarked body sherd (No. 13) was dated to 1170±40 B.P. or cal A.D. 877 (Figure 8.6). Although this falls into the classically defined Point Peninsula periods, given the discrepancies between expected dates for the Owasco sherds and the actual dates, this untypable sherd cannot be affiliated with either the Point Peninsula or Owasco archaeological culture. DISCUSSION Contrary to the pattern predicted by the current ceramic chronology, the oldest absolute date from these sites came from a classic Owasco-type sherd. While this was considered a possible outcome of this portion of the study, I did not expect the dates to be so drastically Chapter 8 New Dates for Owasco Pots 161
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
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Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
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CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
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during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
Page 123 and 124: classification system has been appl
Page 125 and 126: (Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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Page 129 and 130: 207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
Page 133 and 134: Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
Page 135 and 136: Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
Page 137 and 138: segment of the terrace that effecti
Page 139 and 140: Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
Page 141 and 142: Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
Page 143 and 144: Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
Page 145 and 146: Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
Page 147 and 148: Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
Page 149 and 150: CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
Page 151 and 152: ticultural hamlets, small and large
Page 153 and 154: that Clemson Island was greatly inf
Page 155 and 156: local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
Page 157 and 158: Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
Page 159 and 160: Pennsylvania continued to practice
Page 161 and 162: level) overlaps with the West Branc
Page 163 and 164: Under a population metaphysic, the
Page 165 and 166: Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
Page 167 and 168: CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
Page 169 and 170: Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
Page 171 and 172: Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
Page 173: Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
Page 177 and 178: Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
Page 181 and 182: CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
Page 183 and 184: Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
Page 185 and 186: confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
Page 187 and 188: Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
Page 189 and 190: Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
Page 191 and 192: Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
Page 193 and 194: Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
Page 195 and 196: Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
Page 197 and 198: Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
Page 199 and 200: suggests that the gathering of wild
Page 201 and 202: of posts may mark remnants of tempo
Page 203 and 204: for allowing me repeated and unteth
Page 205 and 206: History Press, Garden City, New Yor
Page 207 and 208: CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
Page 209 and 210: LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
Page 211 and 212: N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
Page 213 and 214: Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
Page 215 and 216: Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
Page 217 and 218: encounterlike hunting/butchering st
Page 219 and 220: END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
Page 221 and 222: Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
Page 223 and 224: CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
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portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
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Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
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CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
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Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
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shads and herrings of the family Cl
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consists of large concentrations of
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(1990) survey of recorded sites in
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York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
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CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
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Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
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Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
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ation in feature contents. For mult
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Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
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Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
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Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
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Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
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6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
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Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
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Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
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y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
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CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
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Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
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available to Ceci were simply too l
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the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
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Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
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within single settlements remains e
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noncoastal residential sites certai
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Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
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to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
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other related questions yet, and so
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Northeast Historical Archaeology 21
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Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
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CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
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Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
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Maize will normally not preserve fo
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artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
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creativity to resolve, but is also
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Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
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CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
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Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
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shell-bearing sites located on the
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site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
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(e.g., Black 1992:190) limit and co
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Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
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and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
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the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
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SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
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Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
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CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
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Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
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Among the food plants listed above,
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species, the American eel (Anguilla
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the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
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Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
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midden deposits were located along
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a model with two distinct populatio
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Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
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File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
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Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
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stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
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CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
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use of the term “small village”
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1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
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several centuries after its first a
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from excavations at village sites h
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133-156. New York State Museum Bull
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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
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CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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