Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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England, 1500-1650. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Braun, D. P. (1987). Coevolution of sedentism, pottery technology, and horticulture in the central Midwest, 200 B.C.-A.D. 600. In Emergent Horticultural Economies of the Eastern Woodlands, edited by W. F. Keegan, pp. 153-216. Center for Archaeological Investigations 7. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Bumstead, M. P. (1980). VT-CH-94: Vermont’s earliest known agricultural experiment station. Man in the Northeast 19:73-82. Cassedy, D., and Webb, P. (1999). New data on the chronology of maize horticulture in eastern New York and southern New England. In Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, edited by J. P. Hart, pp. 85-99. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Ceci, L. (1977). The Effect of European Contact and Trade on the Settlement Pattern of Indians in Coastal New York, 1524-1665. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, City University of New York. 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(1989). Prehistoric Cultures of the Delmarva Peninsula: An Archaeological Study. University of Delaware Press, Newark. Custer, J. F. (1996). Prehistoric Cultures of Eastern Pennsylvania. Anthropological Series 7. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg. DeBoer, W. R. (1988). Subterranean storage and the organization of surplus: the view from eastern North America. Southeastern Archaeology 7:1-20. Dent, R. J. (1995). Chesapeake Prehistory: Old Traditions, New Directions. Plenum Press, New York. Dimmick, F. R. (1994). Creative farmers of the Northeast: a new view on Indian maize horticulture. North American Archaeologist 15:235-252. Fritz, G. J. (1990). Multiple pathways to farming in precontact eastern North America. Journal of World Prehistory 4:387-435. Funk, R. E., and Pfeiffer, J. E. (1993). Prehistoric adaptations on Fishers Island, New York: a progress report. 284 Petersen and Cowie
Northeast Historical Archaeology 21+22:11-43. George, R. L. (1983). The Gnagey Site and the Monongahela occupation of the Somerset Plateau. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 53(4):1-97. Goodby, R. G. (1998). Technological patterning and social boundaries: ceramic variability in southern New England, A.D. 1000-1675. In The Archaeology of Social Boundaries, edited by M. T. Stark, pp. 161-182. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Green, W., and Sullivan, L. P. (1997). Pits and pitfalls: an analysis of pit features and site function at the Ripley site. Northeast Anthropology 53:1-22. Hart, J. P. (1995). Storage and Monongahela subsistencesettlement change. Archaeology of Eastern North America 23:41-56. Hart, J. P. (1999a). Dating Roundtop’s domesticates: implications for Northeast late prehistory. In Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, edited by J. P. Hart, pp. 47-68. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Hart, J. P. (1999b). Maize agriculture evolution in the Eastern Woodlands of North America: a Darwinian perspective. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 6:137-180. Hart, J. P. (editor) (1999c). Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Hart, J. P. (2000). New dates from old collections: the Roundtop site and maize-beans-squash agriculture in the Northeast. North American Archaeologist 21:7- 17. Hart, J. P., and Asch Sidell, N. (1996). Prehistoric agricultural systems in the West Branch of the Susquehanna River basin, A.D. 800 to A.D. 1350. Northeast Anthropology 52:1-30. Hart, J. P., and Asch Sidell, N. (1997). Additional evidence for early cucurbit use in the northern Eastern Woodlands east of the Allegheny Front. American Antiquity 62:523-537. Hart, J. P., and Scarry, C. M. (1999). The age of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the northeastern United States. American Antiquity 64:653-658. Hart, J. P., Asch, D. L., Scarry, C. M., and Crawford, G. W. (2002). The age of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in the northern Eastern Woodlands of North America. Antiquity 76:377-383. Hasenstab, R. J. (1999). Fishing, farming, and finding the village sites: centering Late Woodland New England Algonquians. In The Archaeological Northeast, edited by M. A. Levine, K. E. Sassaman, and M. S. Nassaney, pp. 139-153, Bergin and Garvey, Westport. Hatch, J. W. (editor) (1980). The Fisher Farm Site: A Late Woodland Hamlet in Context. Pennsylvania State University, Department of Anthropology, Occasional Papers 12. University Park. Haviland, W. A., and Power, M. W. (1994). The Original Vermonters: Native Inhabitants, Past and Present, 2nd ed. University Press of New England, Hanover. Heckenberger, M. J., Petersen, J. B., and Asch Sidell, N. (1992). Early evidence of maize agriculture in the Connecticut River Valley of Vermont. Archaeology of Eastern North America 20:125-149. Hutchinson, D. L., Larsen, C. S., Schoeninger, M. J., and Norr, L. (1998). Regional variation in the pattern of maize adoption and use in Florida and Georgia. American Antiquity 63:397-416. Katzenberg, M. A., Schwarcz, H. P., Knyf, M., and Melbye, F. J. (1995). Stable isotope evidence for maize horticulture and paleodiet in southern Ontario, Canada. American Antiquity 60:335-350. Kellogg, D. C. (1982). Environmental Factors in Archaeological Site Location for the Boothbay Region. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Institute for Quaternary Studies, University of Maine, Orono. Kellogg, D. C. (1994). Why did they choose to live here? Ceramic period settlement in the Boothbay, Maine, Region. Northeast Anthropology 48:25-60. King, F. B. (1999). Changing evidence for prehistoric plant use in Pennsylvania. In Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, edited by J. P. Hart, pp. 11-26. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Largy, T. B., Lavin, L., Mozzi, M. E., and Furgerson, K. (1999). Corncobs and buttercups: plant remains from the Goldkrest site. In Current Northeast Paleoethnobotany, edited by J. P. Hart, pp. 69-84. New York State Museum Bulletin 494. The University of the State of New York, Albany. Lavin, L. A. (1988a).Coastal adaptations in southern New England and southern New York. Archaeology of Eastern North America 16:101-102. Lavin, L. A. (1988b). The Morgan site, Rocky Hill, Connecticut: a Late Woodland farming community in the Connecticut River Valley. Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Connecticut 51:7-21. Lavin, L. A. (1998). The Windsor tradition: pottery production and popular identity in southern New England. Northeast Anthropology 56:1-17. Levine, M. A., Sassaman, K. E., and Nassaney, M. S. (editors) (1999). The Archaeological Northeast. Bergin and Garvey, Westport, Connecticut. Lightfoot, K. G., Kalin, R., and Moore, J. (1987). Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of Shelter Island, New York: An Archaeological Study of the Mashomack Preserve. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility 46. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. Little, E. A., and Schoeninger, M. J. (1995). The Late Woodland diet on Nantucket Island and the problem of maize in coastal New England. American Antiquity 60:351-368. Lopinot, N. H. (1992). Spatial and temporal variability in Mississippian subsistence: the archaeological record. In Late Prehistoric Agriculture: Observations from the Midwest, edited by W. Woods, pp.45-94. Studies in Illinois Archaeology 8. Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, Springfield. Mandell, G., Petersen, J. B., and Doherty, P. (2001). Phase 1 Site Identification and Phase II Site Evaluation for Alburg-Swanton BRF 036-1(1) Bridge Replacement, Alburg, Grand Isle County, Vermont. University of Vermont Consulting Archaeology Program Report Chapter 14 From Hunter-Gatherer Camp to Horticultural Village: Late Prehistoric Indigenous Subsistence and Settlement 285
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Ch
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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures L
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LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Map of the cent
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9.3 Topographic map of Broome Tech.
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11.1 Upper Susquehanna Site Types (
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PREFACE The New York State Museum h
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Christina B.
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domesticates and the occupation of
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and Rieth highlight the important c
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Dunnell, R. C. (1971). Systematics
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Anthropology, University of Massach
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CHAPTER 2 CENTRAL OHIO VALLEY DURIN
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L a k e E r i e PENNSYLVANIA INDIAN
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA R i v e r G
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Olentangy River and other minor tri
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Figure 2.6. Comparison of Late Wood
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support the notion of resource stre
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F4 F7 F5 F6 F3 F2 F9 F10 F12 F13 F1
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B B M F42 F43 F41 F44 S5 S4 S1 F30
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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Table 2.3. continued Temporal Age A
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L a k e E r i e INDIANA o i O h Sal
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Figure 2.13. Map of the Late Prehis
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Figure 2.15. Map of households with
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Figure 2.17. Sample of Late Prehist
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Barkes, B. M. (1982). An Analysis o
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Fort Ancient Tradition, edited by J
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CHAPTER 3 “ . . . to reconstruct
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IT TAKES A VILLAGE Figure 3.2. Arti
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social organizations is drawn prima
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elements of the village, the spaces
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Diametric, concentric, and circumfe
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egion, including Reckner (Augustine
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Chapter 3 Modeling Village Communit
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Figure 3.9. Architectural and nonar
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Figure 3.11. Measuring distances in
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Table 3.2. Descriptive Statistics f
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DISCUSSION Table 3.3. Descriptive S
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Figure 3.14. Box-and-whisker plot o
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Augustine, E. A. (1938d). Important
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Among Some Amazon Tribes. Privately
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on Black Mesa, Arizona. The Univers
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CHAPTER 4 THE EARLY LATE WOODLAND I
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Figure 4.3. Gibraltar Cordmarked ce
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Figure 4.5. Ceramics of the Gibralt
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points and notched Chesser or Lowe
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dated to A.D. 890 (1025) 1230 (DIC-
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Table 4.3. Available Stable Carbon
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where fishing and farming may have
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Figure 4.10. Ceramic of the Sandusk
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singular Mixter Stamped vessels typ
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urial with the dead, broadcasted a
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during the early Late Woodland time
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Valley. North American Archaeologis
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CHAPTER 5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN TH
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interest in exchange of service or
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CURRENT INVESTIGATIONS In view of t
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710 Area C 700 B-75084 TO-4556 TO-4
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Table 5.1. Summary of Artifacts fro
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e Bull's Point C o o t e s P a r a
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classification system has been appl
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(Crawford et al. 1997a). The same i
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in Ontario was Middle Woodland-deri
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207-212. Smithsonian Institution, W
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CHAPTER 6 EARLY LATE WOODLAND IN SO
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Figure 6.2. Lower Grand River Valle
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Table 6.1. Radiocarbon Dates from t
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segment of the terrace that effecti
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Figure 6.7. Meyer site terrace, vie
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Figure 6.10. Forster site reconstru
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Figure 6.12. Middle Thames River 20
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Figure 6.13. Site situation: a comp
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Dieterman, F. (2001). Princess Poin
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CHAPTER 7 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC SE
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ticultural hamlets, small and large
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that Clemson Island was greatly inf
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local deposits. Alternately, Stimme
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Table 7.1. Radiocarbon Dates from S
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Pennsylvania continued to practice
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level) overlaps with the West Branc
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Under a population metaphysic, the
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Hatch, J. W., and Koontz, K. L. (19
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CHAPTER 8 NEW DATES FOR OWASCO POTS
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Table 8.1. Key Components of the Th
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Figure 8.1. Location of the Kipp Is
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Table 8.4. Carpenter Brook Phase Ho
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Table 8.5. Physical Characteristics
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Table 8.6. AMS Dates and Calibrated
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REFERENCES CITED Ammerman, A. J., a
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CHAPTER 9 PITS, PLANTS, AND PLACE:
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Thomas/Luckey Broome Tech N 0 0 50
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confluence with the Susquehanna Riv
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Figure 9.3. Topographic map of Broo
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Table 9.2. Feature Types at Thomas/
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Figure 9.4. Histogram of feature de
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Table 9.4. Plant Remains from Thoma
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Figure 9.7. Sample composition of n
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Figure 9.9. Seed composition (exclu
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suggests that the gathering of wild
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of posts may mark remnants of tempo
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for allowing me repeated and unteth
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History Press, Garden City, New Yor
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CHAPTER 10 UPLAND LAND USE PATTERNS
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LOCAL LEVEL ANALYSIS Local level an
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N104 E101 Unit 19A Unit 7A Unit 12A
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Table 10.2. Park Creek II Feature A
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Fea. 2 Fea. 5 0 1 2 N Figure 10.4.
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encounterlike hunting/butchering st
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END NOTES 1. A village is defined a
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Perrelli, D. J. (1994). Gender, Mob
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CHAPTER 11 EARLY LATE PREHISTORIC S
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Table 11.1. Upper Susquehanna Site
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Table 11.2. Summary of Late Middle
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Table 11.3. Settlement Features of
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approximately 1,000 sq. ft, there i
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Table 11.5. Summary of Seed Identif
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importance of hunting and hunting-r
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portion of the Susquehanna Valley,
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Herrick, J. W., and Snow, D. R. (19
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CHAPTER 12 WOODLAND PERIOD SETTLEME
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oundaries were given. According to
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Table 12.1: Selected Radiocarbon an
Page 247 and 248: shads and herrings of the family Cl
Page 249 and 250: consists of large concentrations of
Page 251 and 252: (1990) survey of recorded sites in
Page 253 and 254: York State 92:1-8. Busby, M. (1966)
Page 255 and 256: CHAPTER 13 PALEOETHNOBOTANICAL INDI
Page 257 and 258: Figure 13.1. Forest regions of the
Page 259 and 260: Table 13.1. Distribution of Nut Tre
Page 261 and 262: ation in feature contents. For mult
Page 263 and 264: Figure 13.4. Nutshell density (gray
Page 265 and 266: Figure 13.5. Seed density and maize
Page 267 and 268: Table 13.3. Seed Indicators-Maine S
Page 269 and 270: Table 13.4. Broome Tech Site: Selec
Page 271 and 272: 6, and it occurred in 58 percent of
Page 273 and 274: Table 13.6. Continued Site Uncalibr
Page 275 and 276: Acknowledgments I thank John Hart f
Page 277 and 278: y K. J. Gremillion, pp. 161-178. Th
Page 279 and 280: CHAPTER 14 FROM HUNTER-GATHERER CAM
Page 281 and 282: Figure 14.1. Distribution of select
Page 283 and 284: available to Ceci were simply too l
Page 285 and 286: the AMS date of A.D. 1185 (A.D. 127
Page 287 and 288: Table 14.1. Continued Site Lab C14
Page 289 and 290: within single settlements remains e
Page 291 and 292: noncoastal residential sites certai
Page 293 and 294: Figure 14.3. Two stratigraphic prof
Page 295 and 296: to the Maritime Provinces on the Gu
Page 297: other related questions yet, and so
Page 301 and 302: Thomas, P. A. (1976). Contrastive s
Page 303 and 304: CHAPTER 15 “towns they have none
Page 305 and 306: Table 15.1. Key to Figure 15.1: Arc
Page 307 and 308: Maize will normally not preserve fo
Page 309 and 310: artifacts. Cowie (2000) suggests th
Page 311 and 312: creativity to resolve, but is also
Page 313 and 314: Ph.D. dissertation, Department of A
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER 16 OUT OF THE BLUE AND INTO
Page 317 and 318: Figure 16.2. Map of the Bliss Islan
Page 319 and 320: shell-bearing sites located on the
Page 321 and 322: site. Middle Maritime Woodland occu
Page 323 and 324: (e.g., Black 1992:190) limit and co
Page 325 and 326: Table 16.3. Faunal Remains Associat
Page 327 and 328: and often poor vertebrate faunal pr
Page 329 and 330: the Maine/Maritimes area have argue
Page 331 and 332: SE: warm season (Rojo 1987:221); sp
Page 333 and 334: Ethnohistory 36:257-284. Bourque, B
Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 17 ABORIGINAL LAND AND RESO
Page 337 and 338: Table 17.1. Chronological and Ceram
Page 339 and 340: Among the food plants listed above,
Page 341 and 342: species, the American eel (Anguilla
Page 343 and 344: the Early Woodland period. Tools ma
Page 345 and 346: Copper Resources Throughout the Lat
Page 347 and 348: midden deposits were located along
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a model with two distinct populatio
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Table 17.2. Summary of Landscape an
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File Report 93-1, Fredericton. Alle
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Anthropology, Temple University, Ph
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stone age found at Maquapit Lake. N
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CHAPTER 18 MAIZE AND VILLAGES: A Su
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use of the term “small village”
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1325 [1425] 1460) (Boyd et al. 1998
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several centuries after its first a
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from excavations at village sites h
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133-156. New York State Museum Bull
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longhouses. American Antiquity 55:4
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CONTRIBUTORS Timothy J. Abel. Carth
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Northeast Subsistence-Settlement Change: A.D. 700 –1300

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