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DIGITAL FILTERING 483 Input Samples Output Samples .000 .000 .309 .309 .588 .897 .809 1.706 .951 2.657 1.000 3.657 .951 4.608 .809 5.417 .588 6.005 .309 6.314 .000 6.314 -.309 6.005 -.588 5.417 -.809 4.608 -.951 3.657 -1.000 2.657 -.951 1.706 -.809 .897 -.588 .309 -.309 .000 .000 .000 .309 .309 .588 .397 .809 1.706 (A) Input Samples Output Samples .000 .000 .588 .588 .951 1.539 .951 2.490 .588 3.078 .000 3.078 -.588 2.490 -.951 1.539 -.951 .588 -.588 .000 .000 .000 .588 .588 .951 1.539 (8) Fig. 14-2. Filtering action of a digital integrator. (A) Response to sine wave samples at 0.05 Fs. (B) Response to sine wave samples at 0.1 Fs. resistance. The dc gain is simply the leak resistance divided by the inputgain-determining resistor. In the previous chapter, it was mentioned that a digital accumulator acts like an integrator when nu~bers are repeatedly added to it. This is just. as true when the numbers being accumulated are samples of some arbitrary waveform as when they represent a constant "current" in a digital oscillator.
484 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSORS """ ::> "- ;;;: 1.0 • • • 0.8 • • • 0.6 • • • 0.4 0.2 • • • 0 • • -0.2 -0.4 • • -0.6 • • -0.8 • • -1.0 • • • 6.0 • • • • 5.6 • • 4.0 • • ::> """ 3.0 • • "- • • """ ::> 2.0 0 • • • 1.0 • • • 0 • • • -1.0 Ie) """ ::> "- z 6.0 1.0 5.0 • • • • 0.8 4.0 0.6 ::> """ 3.0 • • • • a.. • • • • • • • 0.4 ::> """ 2.0 0 0.2 1.0 • • • • • • 0 0 -1.0 • - -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 • • -0.8 -1.0 • (0) Fig. 14-2. Filtering action of a digital integrator (cont.). (C) Graphs for Fig. 14-2 (A). (D) Graphs for Fig. 14-2 (8). Therefore, inasmuch as an integrator is a type of analog low-pass filter, an accumulator is a type of digital low-pass filter. As an example, consider the tables and plots of Fig. 14-2. A digital integrator is implemented by simply adding input samples to an accumulator and providing output samples that are the present content of the accumulator. As an experiment, two different strings of sine wave samples are tried. The first string represents a sine wave with a frequency 1/20 of the sample rate, while the second string has a frequency of 1/10 Fs. The amplitudes of both input waves are identical. The resulting tables and graphs give the response of the digital integrator to these strings of samples. Note that the lower frequency wave comes out with approximately twice the amplitude of the higher-frequency wave. Also note that the output wave lags
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Musical Applications of Microproces
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© 19B5 by Hayden Books A Division
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serve to acquaint the general reade
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SECfrON II. Computer-Controlled Ana
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17. Digital Hardware 589 AnalogModu
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1 Music Synthesis Principles Creati
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 5 own ar
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MusIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 7 Increa
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINGPLES 9 VERY SM
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 11 repres
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 13 The w
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRlNCIPLES 15 was c
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRlNOPlES 17 In act
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 19 SIN (
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 21 lILt!
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 23 - ,--
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 25 + or--
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 27 Human
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 29 fundam
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 31 frequ
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 33 from
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 35 ever,
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 37 have
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 39 No li
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 41 cropr
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44 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MICROPRO
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60 MUSICAL ApPLICATrONS OF MICROPRO
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68 MUSICAL ApPLICAnONS OF MICROPROC
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82 MUSICAL ApPUCATIONS OF MICROPROC
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84 MUSICAL ApPUCATIONS OF MICROPROC
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vvv·(B) 86 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF
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100 MUSICAL ApPLICAnONS OF MICROPRO
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102 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MICROPR
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Table 5-1. 6502 Instruction Set Lis
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Coding Table 5-3. 68000 Addressing
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Table 5-4. 68000 Instruction Set Su
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Table 5-4. 68000 Instruction Set Su
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6 BasicAnalogModules Probably the m
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 179 tage remai
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 181 Op-amps ma
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 183 '0: :? u
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 185 with an id
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 187 EXPONENTIA
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 189 (or 0.9766
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 191 4R Vr'o'M
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 193 tooth with
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 195 +IOVrel PU
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 197 Table 6-1.
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 199 constants
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 201 12 ~ E 1-
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 203 R2 R3 100
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 205 fore, must
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 207 For peak p
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 209 22 pF RI S
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 211 INPUT~OUTP
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 213 Voltage-Tu
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 215 +20 +15 +1
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 217 100 ko. BA
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 219 +15 V0----
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Digital-to-Analog and tlnalog-to-Di
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DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG AND ANALOG-TO-DIG
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300 MUSICAl ApPLICATIONS OF MICROPR
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11 CORtrolSequeRce Display andEditi
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CONTROL SEQUENCE DISPLAY AND EDITIN
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SECTIONIII DigitalSynthesis antl So
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Table 12·1. Design Data for Chebys
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~ o Table 12·1. (Cont.) Ripple = 1
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13 Digital Tone Generation Teehniqu
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DIGITAL TONE GENERATION TECHNIQUES
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Page 446 and 447: DIGITAL TONE GENERATION TECHNIQUES
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16 Source-SignalAnalys,is One of th
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 545 nOdB T I
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--------, I I ! II i I I I I , , i"
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 549 3 IN -"
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 551 Data Rep
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 553 SIGNAL B
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 555 -5° FH
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 557 -5 -10 ~
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 559 Since th
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 561 o -5 -10
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 563 o -5 -10
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 565 overlapp
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 567 • ....
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 569 from an
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 571 componen
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 573 and some
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 575 185491 A
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 577 SYSTEM F
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 579 (AI (BI
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 581 (Gl II'
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 583 PULSE PE
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 585 again, t
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 587 Quite ob
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17 DigitalHardware At this point, w
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 591 Lsa I N+I DIVI
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 593 (~OCK[ L _ LSB
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 595 FREQUENCY CONT
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 597 Fig. 17-7. Pha
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 599 MOST SIGNIFICA
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 601 waveform chang
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 603 As an example,
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 605 1. Sixteen ind
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 607 discussed, the
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 609 between the 41
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 611 8-BIT PORT I M
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FREOUENCY CONTROL IN I I 20 FREOUEN
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 615 TO MULTIPLEXED
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FREQ. :a.-8 CNTL. WRITE FREQ. I 20
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 619 effective freq
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 621 The signal mem
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 623 into a filter
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 625 made using con
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 627 A Hybrid Voice
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 629 o -5 -10 -15 ~
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 631 o -5 -10 -15 ~
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 633 D3 02 01 10 00
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 635 plementers on
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 637 taken care of
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SECTIONIV ProductApplications andth
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716 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MJCROPR
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RING MOD VCD A PITCHo--+lcNTL OUT A
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20 Low-CostSYllthesis Techniques Wh
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 759 g
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 761 i
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 763 0
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 765 S
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 767 c
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 769 O
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 771 +
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 773 F
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 775 F
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 777 f
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21 Future Frequently, when glvmg ta
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 781 T
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 783 t
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 785 "
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 787 m
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LOW-COST SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES 789 a
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Bibliography The following publicat
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 793 DMA DOS FET FFT FI
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(Communication) Minor - Computer Sc
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newsletter, writing numerous articl
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conversion subsystem, especially if
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In the beginning the company was su
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HAL : I really haven't kept up with
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was clear he was serious, I named m
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influences too like interrupts from
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SONIK : What activities do you do o
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as a homework assignment. So much o
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