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Index Accumulator dividet, 595-597 IAccuracy DAC, 224, 370 IAcquisition time, 412 lADe. See Analog-to-digital convetsion IAddressing modes 6502, 156-157 6ROOO, 167-168 Algorithmic input, 325-326 Alias distortion. See Distortion, alias AM. See Amplitude modulation Amplifier differential, 199-200 nonlinear, 48-54 operational, 180-181, 790 operational transconductance, 200-209 voltage controlled, 87-88, 197-209 Amp1icude measure, 16 modulation, 32-33 parameter, 16-18 response, definicion of, 54-56 response, effect of finite pulse width, 382-383 Analog switch. See Switch, analog Analog synthesis. See Voltage control synthesizer. See SyntheSIzer, voltage controlled Analog-ro-digital conversion, 110, 221, 258-269 audio, 411-415 dual-slope, 260-261 integtilted circuits ADC0803, 267 ADC0808, 269 ADC0816, 269 MM5R63, 261 Analog-to-digital conversion (continued) linear search, 261-262 single-shot, 259-260 successive approximation, 262-266 tracking, 262 Analysis frequency, 570-571 homomorphic, 574-577 linear prediction, 573-574 sound, 543-588 spectral shape, 571-577 Analysis-synthesis, 70-74, 565-569 Aperature delay, 412 uncertainty, 413 Arithmetic binary, 422-423, 645-660 complex, 446-449 fixed point, 645-660 floating point, 174, 645-646 fractional, 647-649 mixed number, 425-426 multiple precision, 648-649 program, 654-657 Array processor, 625 Attack. See Envelope, amplitude Autocorrelation, 586-587 Automatic gain control, 113 Bandwidth, definition, 56-57 Bessel functions, 98 Bit reversal. See Decimation Bounce, contact, 299, 306, 714 Buffer display, 343-346, 351 first-in-first-out, 368, 411 795
796 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MICROPROCESSORS Bus other, 353 5-100, 130, 132-133, 137, 353 6502, 153-155, 157 68000, 160-164 Butterfly diagtam, 451-453 Capacitor, hold, 255-256, 725 Cascade, filter, 60, 62, 386 Cassetee, rape, 140, 714 Cepstrum, 577, 587 Chebyshev polynomials, 390, 474-476 Chebyshev filters. See Filter, lowpass, Chebyshev Chorus effect, 69-70, 120, 512-514 simulator, digital, 513-515 Clippers. See Amplifier, nonlinear Clock audio DAC riming, 367-368, 410 real-time, 147, 275, 302 Coding, DAC, 243-245, 373-377 Coloration, sound, 69 Compact disk, III Compllraror, window, 262 Compensation bulk resistance, 196 discharge, 196 finite pulse width, 393-395 linearity in 3080, 205-207 op-amp, 243 temperature, 186, 195, 220 Composition algorithmic, 325-337 by editing, 357-364 Compression, data, 439, 732-734 Computer signal processing, 623-625, 739-743 synthesis, direct, 38-39, 417-480, 672-703, 743-755 Control blocks, NOTRAN system, 675, 677, 680 Conrroller, musical instrument, 325 Convolution, direct, 500 Corner peaking, 89, 219 Current mirrot, 201-202 Current-to-voltage converter, 203, 242-243 Cutoff frequency, 56, 383-384 slope, 50, 60-61, 383-392 DAC. See Digital-w-analog converter Decay. See Envelope, amplitude Decibel, 17 Decimation, 446-447, 450 Deglitcher, DAC. See Glitch, DAC Delayed-playback synthesis, 639-699, 743-755 Deviation, frequency modulation, 95-97 Digital control of synthesizers, 178, 287-290,715-725 See also Synthesizer, computer controlled Digital filrers, 406-408, 481-515 Digital filter all-pass, 495-499, 511 arbitrary response, 500-507 cannonical, 495 impulse invarient, 487 lowpass, 330-331, 406-408, 485-487, 493 multiple feedback, 492-494 program, 485-486, 490-491, 660-663 stare-variable, 489-492, 660-663, 678 tuning, 491-492 90 degree phase shift, 514-515 Digital integrator, 331, 418-419, 489, 491 Digital-to-analog converter, 106, 221-236, 245-252, 257-258, 346-347, 367-378,409-411, 599-601, 635-636, 715, 723-725 Digital-to-analog converter audio, 106-107, 367-377, 408-411, 635-636 companding. See Digital-w-analog converter, exponential display, 346, 349 duty-cycle, 226-227 exponential, 235-236, 375-377 floating point, 373-375 integrated circuit AD7523, 724 AD7530, 248-250 AD7541, 250, 724 AD7546, 377,409-411 DAC08, 245-248, 771 DAC312, 251, 266-267 DAC349, 251 PCM51, 377 PCM52, 377 1408, 245-246, 347 intelligent, 257-258 resistive divider, 229-231 resistor ladder, 231-232 resistor string, 227-229 segmented, 232-234, 251, 373
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Musical Applications of Microproces
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© 19B5 by Hayden Books A Division
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serve to acquaint the general reade
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SECfrON II. Computer-Controlled Ana
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17. Digital Hardware 589 AnalogModu
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1 Music Synthesis Principles Creati
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 5 own ar
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MusIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 7 Increa
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINGPLES 9 VERY SM
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 11 repres
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 13 The w
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRlNCIPLES 15 was c
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRlNOPlES 17 In act
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 19 SIN (
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 21 lILt!
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 23 - ,--
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 25 + or--
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 27 Human
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINOPLES 29 fundam
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 33 from
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 35 ever,
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 37 have
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MUSIC SYNTHESIS PRINCIPLES 39 No li
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82 MUSICAL ApPUCATIONS OF MICROPROC
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vvv·(B) 86 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF
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Coding Table 5-3. 68000 Addressing
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Table 5-4. 68000 Instruction Set Su
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Table 5-4. 68000 Instruction Set Su
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6 BasicAnalogModules Probably the m
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 179 tage remai
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 181 Op-amps ma
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 183 '0: :? u
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 185 with an id
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 187 EXPONENTIA
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 189 (or 0.9766
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 191 4R Vr'o'M
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 193 tooth with
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 195 +IOVrel PU
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 197 Table 6-1.
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 199 constants
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 201 12 ~ E 1-
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 203 R2 R3 100
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 205 fore, must
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 207 For peak p
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 209 22 pF RI S
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 211 INPUT~OUTP
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 213 Voltage-Tu
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 215 +20 +15 +1
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 217 100 ko. BA
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BASIC ANALOG MODULES 219 +15 V0----
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Digital-to-Analog and tlnalog-to-Di
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11 CORtrolSequeRce Display andEditi
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CONTROL SEQUENCE DISPLAY AND EDITIN
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SECTIONIII DigitalSynthesis antl So
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Table 12·1. Design Data for Chebys
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13 Digital Tone Generation Teehniqu
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DIGITAL TONE GENERATION TECHNIQUES
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Sample Number Harm. No. o 2 3 4 5 6
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Sample Spectrum Number 0 1 2 3 4 5
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1,0 0,8 0,6 0.4 0,2 °0 10 12 14 16
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14 DigitalFiltering In analog synth
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DIGITAL FILTERING 483 Input Samples
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DIGITAL FILTERING 485 the input wav
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DIGITAL FILTERING 487 where 0 is no
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DIGITAL FILTERING 489 BAND REJECT >
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DIGITAL FILTERING 491 Next the inpu
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DIGITAL. FILTERING 493 circuits mak
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DIGITAL FILTERING 495 OUTPUT Fig. 1
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DIGITAL FILTERING 497 INPUT ~8~~~~~
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DIGITAL FILTERING 499 the turnover
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DIGITAL FILTERING 501 frequency is
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DIGITAL FILTERING 505 When programm
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DIGITAL FILTERING 507 lowest freque
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DIGITAL FILTERING 509 Even with a p
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DIGITAL FILTERING 511 OUTPUT Fig. 1
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DIGITAL FILTERING 513 INPUT VARIABL
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DIGITAL FILTERING 515 INPUT (C) -(.
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DIGITAL FILTERING 517 NOTE: Xl, Y,
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DIGITAL FILTERING 519 AMPLITUDE, (d
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DIGITAL FILTERING 521 o ~ -10 ~ -20
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DIGITAL FILTERING 523 1.0 0.8 0.6
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DIGITAL FILTERING 525 When the outp
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16 Source-SignalAnalys,is One of th
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 545 nOdB T I
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 549 3 IN -"
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 551 Data Rep
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 553 SIGNAL B
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 555 -5° FH
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 557 -5 -10 ~
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 559 Since th
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 561 o -5 -10
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 563 o -5 -10
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 565 overlapp
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 567 • ....
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 569 from an
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 571 componen
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 573 and some
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 575 185491 A
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 577 SYSTEM F
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 579 (AI (BI
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 581 (Gl II'
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 583 PULSE PE
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 585 again, t
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SOURCE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS 587 Quite ob
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17 DigitalHardware At this point, w
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 591 Lsa I N+I DIVI
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 593 (~OCK[ L _ LSB
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 595 FREQUENCY CONT
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 597 Fig. 17-7. Pha
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 599 MOST SIGNIFICA
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 601 waveform chang
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 603 As an example,
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 605 1. Sixteen ind
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 607 discussed, the
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 609 between the 41
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 611 8-BIT PORT I M
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FREOUENCY CONTROL IN I I 20 FREOUEN
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 615 TO MULTIPLEXED
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FREQ. :a.-8 CNTL. WRITE FREQ. I 20
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 619 effective freq
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 621 The signal mem
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 623 into a filter
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 625 made using con
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 627 A Hybrid Voice
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 629 o -5 -10 -15 ~
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 631 o -5 -10 -15 ~
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 633 D3 02 01 10 00
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 635 plementers on
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DIGITAL HARDWARE 637 taken care of
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SECTIONIV ProductApplications andth
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716 MUSICAL ApPLICATIONS OF MJCROPR
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RING MOD VCD A PITCHo--+lcNTL OUT A
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Page 804 and 805: Bibliography The following publicat
Page 806: BIBLIOGRAPHY 793 DMA DOS FET FFT FI
Page 817 and 818: (Communication) Minor - Computer Sc
Page 819 and 820: newsletter, writing numerous articl
Page 821 and 822: conversion subsystem, especially if
Page 823 and 824: In the beginning the company was su
Page 825 and 826: HAL : I really haven't kept up with
Page 827 and 828: was clear he was serious, I named m
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Page 831 and 832: SONIK : What activities do you do o
Page 833 and 834: as a homework assignment. So much o
Page 835: Musical Applications of Microproces
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